Objective: 1. The students will learn use of modern tools for design and simulation of Electrical Circuits and analyze them. The students will select an electrical circuits simulation plate-form and use it for detailed analysis of electrical circuits. Problem Statement 2. Select a suitable electrical circuit simulation and analysis tool like P-Spice / Proteus / Electronic Work Bench. Carry out analysis of circuits as follows. Process 3. Ref cet diagram 4. Find Network Function, Determine poles and Zeros of the System. Mention System's Stability. 5. a. Given that supply voltage is Determine \& Vo. Plot Vo manually against -axis. Also plot this voltage against frequency (Linearized Bode Plot) using some software like PSPICE. Then compare manual and software plot and offer analytical views. b. Evaluate \& \( \mathrm{V} 0 \) at \( 50 \mathrm{~Hz} \) for input voltage Distribution of Marks \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|} \hline 1. & Simulations \& manual solutions & 80 \\ \hline 2. & Analytical comments & 15 \\ \hline 3. & Evaluation of \&. Vo at \( 50 \mathrm{~Hz} \) & 5 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
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The above circuit contains a battery of voltage V and three resistors with resistances $R_{1}, R_{2},$ and $R_{3}$, respectively. As part of an experiment, a student has been given two measuring devices: a voltmeter and an ammeter. The first can be used to measure the changes in voltage of a circuit. The second can be used to measure the current flowing through a particular segment of wire. For answering the questions below, a voltmeter and ammeter look like IMAGE IS NOT AVAILABLE TO COPY (a) In terms of the known variables, what is the voltage lost in passing through the first resistor? (b) Draw a diagram showing how you would integrate the voltmeter to measure the voltage lost in the resistor labeled $R_{1}$. Explain the reasoning behind your decision. (c) Draw a diagram showing how you would integrate the ammeter to measure the current passing through the resistor labeled $R_{1}$. Explain the reasoning behind your decision. (d) What would be the ideal resistances for each device to have? Explain why each would be ideal for that device.
Practice Test 1
Section 2
The sketches show several practical examples of electrical signals (voltages or currents). In each case we want to know the harmonic content of the signal, that is, what frequencies it contains and in what proportions. To find this, expand each function in an appropriate Fourier series. Assume in each case that the part of the graph shown is repeated sixty times per second. Triangular wave; the graph consists of two straight $V(t)$ lines whose equations you must write! The maximum 100 voltage of $100 \mathrm{v}$ occurs at the middle of the cycle.
FOURIER SERIES
An application to sound
Find the currents in the circuit shown in Fig. $29-1$. Notice that the signs of the voltage drops have been provided in the circuit diagram. You will not need them in this solution, but it's a good habit to put them in as a first step. This circuit cannot be reduced further because it contains no resistors in simple series or parallel combinations. We therefore revert to Kirchhoff's rules. If the currents had not been labeled and shown by arrows, we would do that first. In general, special care is needed in assigning the current directions, since those chosen incorrectly will simply give negative numerical values. In this problem there are three branches connecting nodes- $a$ and $-b$, and therefore three currents. Apply the node rule to node- $b$ in Fig. $29-1$ : Next apply the loop rule to loop $a d b a$. In volts, $$ -7.0 I_{1}+6.0+4.0=0 \quad \text { or } \quad I_{1}=\frac{10.0}{7.0} \mathrm{~A} $$ (Why must the term $7.0 I_{1}$ have a negative sign?) Then apply the loop rule to loop abca. In volts, $$ -4.0-8.0+5.0 I_{2}=0 \quad \text { or } \quad I_{2}=\frac{12.0}{5.0} \mathrm{~A} $$ (Why must the signs be as written?) Now return to Eq. (1) to find $$ I_{3}=-I_{1}-I_{2}=-\frac{10.0}{7.0}-\frac{12.0}{5.0}=\frac{-50-84}{35}=-3.8 \mathrm{~A} $$ The minus sign tells us that $I_{3}$ is opposite in direction to that shown in the figure.
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