Match each of the following definitions to the term in the list to which it refers. One who bases moral judgements on the results or outcome of actions. An ethical thinker who says that universally valid or true moral principles do exist. Someone whose reasons for having committed immoral acts are "cover-ups" of his/her true and often unflattering motives. A philosopher who inquires into the meaning and logic of moral language. One who says that the goodness or rightness of some action or person is determined by reference to ends or purposes. A person who claims that morality is about duties and adherence to the rules that they reflect. ? Choose... TELEOLOGIST RATIONALIZER OBJECTIVIST CONSEQUENTIALIST DEONTOLOGIST METAETHICIST Choose... Choose...
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Which of the following is a central tenet of utilitarianism? a) Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law. b) The correct ethical action will maximize overall "good" and minimize suffering. c) To be ethical means that one should act so that everyone is happy. Which utilitarian philosopher differentiated between "higher" and "lower" goods? a) Jeremy Bentham b) John Stuart Mill c) Aristotle Milton Friedman champions a business theory emphasizing that ____________ a) Stakeholders should suffer any ill consequences of corporate decision making b) Corporate decision making should prioritize profit and keep stockholder's interests in mind. c) All stakeholders should be considered when making corporate decisions. Edward Freeman champions a theory called _________ that emphasizes the well-being of any party affected by corporate decision making. a) Stakeholder theory b) Utilitarian theory c) Eudaimonia theory Immanuel Kant put forth a duty-based ethical theory that called for what he called the "categorical imperative," which (in one formulation) is worded in the following way (be careful here!): a) Do unto others as you would have done unto you b) Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other always a means to that end. c) Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law. Which of the following ethical theories emphasizes personal development? a) Egocentric utilitarianism b) The ends justify the means c) Virtue ethics Eudaimonia is a word used by Aristotle to describe __________ a) The importance of human autonomy b) Human flourishing, prosperity, or fulfillment c) The importance of satisfying first order desires At the conclusion of his article "Marketing to Inner City Blacks: PowerMaster And Moral Responsibility," Brenkert concludes the following regarding targeted ad campaigns, "We must look to the responsibility of groups of persons as well as groups of corporations. Such responsibility is not personal or individual, but ___________." a) Universal b) Collective c) Limited to stockholders
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QUESTION 3 What is the essential difference between consequentialist and deontological approaches to ethics? Pick the best answer. Deontologists deconstruct the ontology of an ethical issue, while the consequentialists are against the use of sequences in ethical reasoning. Deontological approaches emphasize the rightness and wrongness of actions as such, asking whether they do or do not conform to correct moral principles, whereas the consequentialists emphasize the good and bad effects of actions. The consequentialists hold that virtue is a mean between the extremes of excess and deficiency in emotions; the deontologists are moral nihilists. Consequentialist approaches look at the character and intentions of the person performing the actions, while the deontologist only cares about the actions the person performs and disregards the intentions of the agent as irrelevant. QUESTION 4 According to Kant, the "Categorical Imperative" is: A command of reason directing you to choose the action most likely to satisfy your private, contingent desires. The fundamental moral principle of action, from which all other moral principles of action derive. A command of reason that obligates you to do that action that is the most effective means to satisfying your desires. A country-pop rock band and art collective from Nashville, Tennessee. Their best known song is, "My will is good, baby, but my car won't start."
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