Old Operations Occasionally Troubleshoot Tricky Abducted Family Veterens Galloping Valiantly Across History
Added by Kevin T.
Step 1
Step 1: Recognize the phrase as a 12-word mnemonic for the 12 cranial nerves; the initial letters are O O O T T A F V G V A H (note: "Veterens" in the phrase stands for Vestibulocochlear). Show more…
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Part I— Just Bad Luck? Brrrring! Brrrring! Jane checked the caller ID on her phone. "Sam! Great!" she thought. It was always nice to get a call from her older brother. But a little twinge of worry tugged at her. It was just a couple of weeks ago that he had mentioned making an appointment with his doctor about some abdominal pain he had been having. "Hi Sam! It's great to hear from you," Jane answered. "Hi Jane. Well, I appreciate that you still pick up, anyway. You know I call just to give you a hard time about something, little sis." "Very funny. So, how are you planning to pick on me today?" "Honestly, I wish this call was for fun," Sam said. "But it's only serious stuff this time. Remember I said that I had made an appointment with my doctor? Well, the news isn't good. My doctor says I have colon cancer." "Oh, no, Sam! I remember when Dad died from colon cancer when we were kids." The words tumbled out all in a rush. Jane felt a lump gathering in her throat. "Hold on," Sam said. "This isn't an early death sentence yet. The doctor says that although they found lots of tumors in my colon, it's still at an early stage, so treatment is possible. Drastic, though. My doctor is suggesting that the best thing to do is to surgically remove my colon altogether. And Sis, the doctor said that since both Dad and I have the same type of cancer, it would be a good idea for you to have your colon checked, too." After the phone conversation with her brother, Jane was worried there could be more than just "bad luck" running in her family's medical history. Their father's too-early death from colon cancer was still a painful memory. She knew that her grandfather on her father's side had died of some type of cancer even before she was born, although that was so long ago the family didn't talk about it much. Had her grandfather died of colon cancer too, Jane wondered. Would it be her turn next? And what was the risk to her young twins, Mark and Caroline? Questions 1. Draw this family's pedigree, focusing on the family relationships and shading the individuals affected with cancer. 2. Do you think Jane has good reason to be worried? Why or why not?
Adi S.
At 65 years old, Marcus Johnson was in excellent health and enjoying his first year of retirement. Upon returning from his dream trip to the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, he noticed that his left leg was swollen just inferior to the knee. He already had scheduled an appointment for a complete physical, so he knew that in a few days he would be able to have his physician look at his leg. Dr. Xiong had been the Johnson family doctor for more than 20 years. Knowing that Marcus likes to travel, Dr. Xiong opened with a question that Marcus initially found to be a bit out of the ordinary. "Any chance this swelling showed up after a long flight?" "As a matter of fact, it did," Marcus replied. "My gut tells me that you may have a clot in that leg, but we'll have to have a look at it before we'll know for sure." Dr. Xiong knew that Marcus's family had a history of clotting disorders, and he had recently treated Marcus's brother for a deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a disorder that gets its name from the blood clots that form in a vein deep within the leg. Before learning more about Marcus's condition, let's review how a thrombus (clot) forms. Part A Place the following steps of blood clotting in order.
Katlin K.
Blood Everywhere: A Case Study in Blood An ambulance arrives at the scene of an automobile accident, having been summoned by an in-vehicle security system. What the emergency personnel find is like a scene from a horror film. Maggie Silvers, the apparent driver of the car, is sitting slumped next to the vehicle, with blood covering her shirt and hands. Her car has clearly hit a tree: a branch is sticking into the driver's window, and the airbag has been deployed. Maggie looks dazed, and as the paramedics approach, she says with a mixture of panic and relief, "There's blood everywhere!" Maggie is only semi-lucid as she babbles on about pushing out the broken glass in her car window. Maggie, a 48-year-old woman, is indeed bleeding profusely from multiple left-arm cuts and an especially deep laceration on her left upper arm. The paramedics stop the bleeding and move her quickly to the ambulance, after noting no other apparent injury. Her systolic blood pressure is 80 mm Hg (low), and her diastolic is not audible (too low to hear). Her heart rate is 122 bpm (very rapid), and her skin is pale and clammy, indicating peripheral vasoconstriction (narrowing of her blood vessels, particularly in the skin) and circulatory shock-like signs. On the way to the hospital, a paramedic begins transfusing normal saline solution (NSS; water with some NaCl, similar to body fluids, given directly into her vein). A fast hematocrit (HCT) test upon Maggie's arrival at the emergency department (ED) indicates that her HCT is low but normal. Several vials of Maggie's blood are also sent to the lab for blood tests and typing. Two liters of NSS are transfused over the next hour while the ED physician sutures her deepest, left-upper-arm laceration. Despite no further bleeding since the paramedics treated her at the scene, Maggie's next HCT, tested one hour after the original HCT, drops to below normal. Aside from her present health problem, Maggie is otherwise healthy. She is admitted to the hospital for overnight observation.
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