One enantiomer of thalidomide, shown below, has beneficial...

One enantiomer of thalidomide, shown below, has beneficial therapeutic effects including acting as an antidepressant and anti-nausea agent. The other enantiomer is a teratogen and leads to mutations in rapidly dividing cells and consequently birth defects. If only the beneficial enantiomer is administered, teratogenic effects are still observed. Please explain this surprising outcome using chemistry that we have discussed in this class. Thalidomide

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00:01 Hello, in this question we are given the molecule of this thalidomide and here as we can say that is the reason for this it is called as the thalidomide thalidomide paradox.

00:22 If we see the enantiomer of these thalidomide then it will be as s and r thalidomide.

00:29 So this s thalidomide it is a tetratogenic.

00:40 However, other work has shown that the enantiomers of this thalidomide interconvert in vivo, which begs the question, why is tetrazone activity not observed in animal experiment that use this r -enensomer of this thalidomide, which is given in the vivo recidemization.

01:01 That is the thalidomide paradox.

01:04 So herein this thalidomite possess a single stereogenic carbon center that, and thus this s -nus, and are enantiomers so commercially it was marketed as a race mate as a race mate so in 1979 when the blaske discovered in 1979 dash k discovered that the enantiomers of display different biological properties and that the only as an insumur it is responsible for the tetro this teratogenic so therefore, this is teratogenic.

01:54 So therefore here, the teratogenic side effects.

01:57 While no teratogenic side effects, while no teratogenic was absorbed in this are thalidomide in animal experiment.

02:06 So this paper suggested that the thalidomide disaster could have been avoided if only r had been marketed instead of recimic.

02:15 So, however, it is uncertain whether any of the action of the recemic thalytic thalidermic, could be avoided by using the pure enantiomer.

02:26 Pure enantiomer of due to the considerable racemization observed after incubation of after incubation of enantiomereically pure in buffer solution that is one by time it is 12 hour half time period as well as in the serum if it is in this is for the buffer solution and for the serum it is that is one r.

02:58 So thus how can these results be rationalized in the light of the finding of this blasca which confirmed that that r1 it is not a teratogenic despite.

03:09 Although several and insho selective biological studies on the metabolism of this thalidomide an insumer has ultimately remained problematic.

03:21 So in 2010 in 2010 handa and his co -worker carried out a landmark biological study on the thalidomide by identifying this crbn, that is cereblon, which is act as a thalidomide binding protein.

03:51 So they found that that this thalidomide induces its therotogenic effect is by binding to the crbn in zebrafish and chicks...

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