The following figure shows an offset traverse to determine the area from a pond at the bottom to an irregular boundary line on the top at a horizontal interval of 10m apart. The offsets are measured in metres. Use the trapezoidal method to find the approximate area encompassed by this survey. [10]
5.0
3.5
The following figure shows an embankment of width 10m and side slopes 1.5:1 on a level ground in a direction transverse to the center line. The central heights (in m at 40m intervals) are as follows: 0.90, 1.25, 2.15, 2.50, 1.85, 1.35, and 0.85. Calculate the volume of earthwork using: (i) Trapezoidal method; and (ii) Simpson's method. [15]