A PCM-impregnated LWA mortar contains 50% hardened cement paste (HCP), 30% sand, and 20% lightweight aggregates (LWA). LWAs contain 40% porosity (See Figure) and some of the pores are filled with PCM (Phase change material). The LWAs contain 30% air voids and 10% PCM (Total 40% porosity).
PCM (10%)
LWA (20%)
Cement paste Matrix (50%)
Sand (30%)
Solid (60%)
Air voids (30%)
PCM-impregnated LWA mortar
LWA
Young's modulus of the solid fraction of LWA, PCM, cement paste, and sand are 6 GPa, 1 MPa, 20 GPa, and 70 GPa respectively.
(A) Calculate the upper and lower bounds of Composite Young's modulus of the mortar (cement paste and sand)
(B) Calculate the upper limit and lower limit of the composite Young's modulus of LWAs
(C) Calculate the upper limit and lower limit of the composite Young's modulus of the PCM-impregnated LWA mortars (HCP + Sand + LWAs)