2. Suppose that you are working with four unknown compounds...

2. Suppose that you are working with four unknown compounds in a chemistry laboratory. Your teacher tells you that these compounds are ethane, ethanol, ethyl ethanoate, and ethanoic acid. a. Use the table of physical properties shown below to identify each unknown compound. [2 marks/A; ½ mark each] A: B: C: D: Compound A B C D Solubility in Water Hydrogen Bonding Boiling Point Odour Molecular polarity Not soluble None -89°C Odourless Non-polar Soluble Accepts hydrogen bonds from water but 77°C Sweet Polar cannot form hydrogen bonds between its own molecules Infinitely Soluble Very strong 78°C Sharp, antiseptic smell Very polar Infinitely soluble Extremely strong 118°C Sharp, vinegar smell Very polar b. Draw a complete structural formula and circle/label all functional groups for each compound. [4/A marks] A: B: C: D:

Transcript

00:01 So we want to draw these structures.

00:02 The first one is nitriclycerin, which is also known as 1, 2, 3, tri -nitroxy propane.

00:10 So nitroxy is similar to methoxy, or we have an oxygen attached to a carbon, and that oxygen is also attached to a nitrogen.

00:19 And if it's a nitro group, it's going to be no2.

00:21 The parent name is propane, which is three carbons.

00:28 And we have these groups on carbons, 1, 2, and 3.

00:32 So again, the nitroxy group is this c -o -n, where n is going to be attached to two oxions, because it's going to form three bonds.

00:44 So it'll be single -bound to the one and double -bound to the other.

00:48 We also have the same situation for carbon two, the oxygen, then that no2 group, and then carbon 1.

00:58 I mean carbon 3.

01:06 And the next one is, so another thing to note is we're actually going to have more bonds on the nitrogen than usually has and as a result we're going to have a positive charge.

01:17 So it's going to use that extra aluminum pair of electrons that it normally has based upon the amount of valence electrons that it has.

01:25 It's going to use an extra pair to form an extra bond.

01:28 And if it's donating something negative to form a bond, it's going to acquire a positive charge.

01:33 So just, really just to show the group where it's double bound to the one and single bound of the other.

01:45 If auction is a single bond and it's not attached to any other group, it's going to have a negative charge.

01:51 This is positive because it has used a pair of electrons to form an extra bond to an atom.

01:59 And then for b, the structure is petrazine, which is one for di -amino -butam.

02:04 So starting with butane, which is four carbons, the amino group is, it's going to be nh2, and it's on carbons 1 and 4.

02:28 So you can really count from left to right or right to left.

02:34 And the next one is going to be cyclohexanone.

02:38 And the end.

02:39 In positive of a ketone, which is the c double bond o functional group.

02:43 Actually, it's going to be r.

02:51 It's going to look like that, where r can be any carbon side chain, a methyl and ethyl, purple, really any number of carbon atoms...

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