(5 points). Researchers have long suspected that texting has a detrimental effect on driving behavior. To avoid unnecessary high risk of driving on the roads, driving behavior is measured via driving simulator and the number of mistakes is recorded while texting and not texting as the person is driving the simulator. Mistakes such as failing to stay within the lane, driving at least 10 miles below or above the speed limit, and failing to use the turn signal are automatically recorded. To avoid individual differences in driving behavior, participants are tested twice: once under the "texting while driving" condition and once under the "driving without texting" condition. There are nine participants in the study. Their driving mistakes are reported in the table below. Question: Do the data support the claim that texting has a detrimental (negative) effect on driving behavior, using an ? = 0.05? For this question, you must follow the steps of hypothesis testing and complete all your calculations by hand. Remember to show your calculations and provide your conclusions in sentence format. Once you finish this part of the assignment, you can scan or take a photo of your work and paste the scan/photo in your Word document. Table 1. Number of mistakes by study participants while using the driving simulator Participant Texting Not texting A 25 20 B 27 21 C 27 17 D 23 15 E 31 14 F 30 12 G 32 13 H 34 21 I 37 19
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In this case, the null hypothesis (H0) is that texting does not have a detrimental effect on driving behavior. The alternative hypothesis (H1) is that texting does have a detrimental effect on driving behavior. H0: μd = 0 (There is no difference in the number of Show more…
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Studies show that texting while driving is as risky as driving with a 0.08 blood alcohol level, the standard for drunk driving. The bar graph shows the number of fatalitics in the United States involving distracted driving from 2004 through 2008 . Although the distracted category involves such activities as talking on cellphones, conversing with passengers, and eating, experts at the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration claim that texting while driving is the clearest menace because it requires looking away from the road. (GRAPH CAN'T COPY) Shown to the right of the bar graph is a scatter plot with a line passing through two of the data points. Use the two points whose coordinates are shown by the voice balloons to write the slope-intercept form of an equation that models the number of highway fatalities involving distracted driving, $y,$ in the United States $x$ years after 2004. b. In 2010 , surveys showed overwhelming public support to ban texting while driving, although at that time only 19 states and Washington, D.C., outlawed the practice. Without additional laws that penalize texting drivers, use the model from part (a) to project the number of fatalities in the United States in 2014 involving distracted driving.
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Studies show that texting while driving is as risky as driving with a 0.08 blood alcohol level, the standard for drunk driving. The bar graph shows the number of fatalities in the United States involving distracted driving from 2004 through 2008 . Although the distracted category involves such activities as talking on cellphones, conversing with passengers, and eating, experts at the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration claim that texting while driving is the clearest menace because it requires looking away from the road. a. Shown to the right of the bar graph is a scatter plot with a line passing through two of the data points. Use the two points whose coordinates are shown by the voice balloons to write the slope-intercept form of an equation that models the number of highway fatalities involving distracted driving, $y,$ in the United States $x$ years after 2004. b. In $2010,$ surveys showed overwhelming public support to ban texting while driving, although at that time only 19 states and Washington, D.C., outlawed the practice. Without additional laws that penalize texting drivers, use the model you obtained from part (a) on the previous page to project the number of fatalities in the United States in 2014 involving distracted driving. (THE GRAPH CANNOT COPY)
In a study of high school students at least 16 years of age, researchers obtained survey results summarized in the accompanying table (based on data from "Texting While Driving and Other Risky Motor Vehicle Behaviors Among U.S. High School Students," by O'Malley, Shults, and Eaton, Pediatrics, Vol. 131, No.). Drove When Drinking Alcohol? Yes No Texted While Driving 731 3054 No Texting While Driving 156 4564 According to this distribution, find the expected counts for the table and compute the degrees of freedom. EXPECTED COUNTS Drove when drinking alcohol? Yes No Texted while driving No texting while driving Df= Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim of independence between texting while driving and driving when drinking alcohol. Are those two risky behaviors independent of each other? What type of test will you run? (copy symbols from the top of the test as needed; your hypothesis can be written using phrases or a sentence if needed) Set up the hypothesis: Ho: Ha: Test Statistic: P-value: Conclusion: P-value .05, therefore we (reject/fail to reject) the null hypothesis. There (is/is not) statistically significant evidence at the level that the two risky behaviors are dependent of each other.
Madhur L.
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