Predicting One Depression Score from Another Example 1.28 and Exercise 2.209 introduce a study examining the impact of diet on depression.The study used two different ways to measure depression: the DASS, which uses self-reported symptoms, and the CESD, a more clinical assessment. On both scales, higher numbers indicate greater depression symptoms. Figure below shows the regression line on the scatterplot of the depression scores for each of the 75 participants at the start of the diet/depression experiment (before the effect of any dietary intervention.) Clinical 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Self-reported Using one depression scale to predict another (a) For the case with the largest negative residual, estimate each of the following quantities: the self-reported score, the clinical score, the predicted clinical score, and the residual. Self-reported score = 34.4 Clinical score = 61.2 Predicted clinical score = 45 Residual = 16 (b) There appear to be three different cases that might have the largest positive residual. For the one with a self-reported score of 0, estimate: the clinical score, the predicted clinical score, and the residual. Clinical score = 64.7 Predicted clinical score = 17 Residual = 48
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A clinical psychologist is interested in evaluating the effectiveness of the following three techniques for treating mild depression: cognitive restructuring, assertiveness training, and an exercise/nutrition program. Forty undergraduate students suffering from mild depression are randomly sampled from the university counseling center’s waiting list and randomly assigned ten in each to the three techniques previously mentioned, and the remaining ten to a placebo control group. Treatment is conducted for 10 weeks, after which depression is measured using the Beck Depression Inventory. The post-treatment depression scores are given here. Higher scores indicate greater depression. Treatment 1-Placebo 2-Cognitive Restructuring 3-Assertiveness Training 4-Exercise/ Nutrition 27 10 16 26 16 8 18 24 18 14 12 17 26 16 15 23 18 18 9 25 28 8 13 22 25 12 17 16 20 14 20 15 24 9 21 18 26 7 19 23 (1 pts.) State the null and alternative hypotheses. (2 pts.) What is the DV and what is the IV (0 pts.) Set the criterion for a decision (a = .05) (5 pts.) Compute the test statistic using SPSS. (2 pts.) If appropriate, compute Tukey’s HSD and indicate your decision for each comparison. (4 pts.) If appropriate, compute ω2 (6 pts.) Results: (1 pt.) Copy and paste the Means Plot.
C D.
In a 2017 study, researchers investigated the effect of dietary improvement on adults with moderate to severe depression (Jacka et al. 2017). Subjects were randomly assigned to a treatment group consisting of seven individual nutritional consulting sessions with a clinical dietician or a control condition consisting of a social support protocol with the same visit schedule and length as the treatment group. There were 33 subjects in the treatment group and 34 subjects in the control group. Remission from depression symptoms was achieved by 10 subjects in the treatment group and 2 subjects in the control group. a. Was this an observational study or a controlled experiment? Explain. b. Find the percentage in each group that achieved remission from depression symptoms. c. Researchers performed a test to determine if there was significant difference in outcomes between the treatment and control groups. The p-value for the test is 0.028. Based on a 0.05 significance level, choose the correct conclusion: i. Researchers have shown that dietary improvement may be an effective treatment strategy for patients with moderate to severe depression. ii. Researchers have not shown that dietary improvement may be an effective treatment strategy for patients with moderate to severe depression.
A clinical psychologist is interested in evaluating the effectiveness of the following three techniques for treating mild depression: cognitive restructuring, assertiveness training, and an exercise/nutrition program. Undergraduate students suffering from mild depression are randomly sampled from the university counseling center. Forty students are randomly assigned to one of the four techniques (placebo, cognitive restructuring, assertiveness training, exercise/nutrition program). Treatment is conducted for 10 weeks, after which depression is measured using the Beck Depression Scale. The post-treatment depression scores are given here. (Higher scores indicate greater depression.) Treatment Placebo Cognitive Restructuring Assertiveness Training Exercise/Nutrition 27 10 16 26 16 8 18 24 18 14 12 17 26 16 15 23 18 18 9 25 28 8 13 22 25 12 17 16 20 14 20 15 24 9 21 18 26 7 19 23 Re-analyze the data in problem number 1 as if the same 10 people received all 4 treatments (repeated measures) and answer the ANOVA questions below. ANOVA Questions 1. What was the ANOVA used for? 2. What did you find? 3. What is the ANOVA evidence supporting your inference? 4. What is the effect size? Post Hoc tests: 5. What did you use the t tests to compare? 6. What did you find? Or, what inference(s) do the comparisons allow you to make? In other words, what differences were found between/among the groups, if any. 7. What is the t-test evidence supporting each inference?
Madhur L.
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