Problem 3: Two-state system
Imagine a system where there are just two linearly independent states:
|1) and |2).
The most general state is a normalized linear combination given by
|Ψ) = a|1) + b|2), where |a|^2 + |b|^2 = 1.
Suppose the Hamiltonian operator is given by the matrix:
(a) Find the normalized states of definite energy.
(b) What are the energies of these states?
(c) Suppose the system starts out in |1) at t = 0. Derive two expressions of the state vector at time t using the energy eigenstates as the basis and using the |1) and |2) as the basis.
(d) Find and plot the probability of finding the system in the states |1) and |2) as a function of time.