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Adhd, which stands for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and or hyperactivity impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development.
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It is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and adulthood.
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The symptoms are grouped into two categories.
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The first being inattention.
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This includes difficulty sustaining attention on tasks, not listening when spoken to directly, difficulty organizing tasks, avoidance of tasks requiring sustained mental effort, losing things necessary for tasks, and being easily distracted by extraneous stimuli.
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And two, hyperactivity impulsivity.
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This includes fidgeting, leaving a seat in situations when remaining seated as expected, running or climbing in inappropriate situations, an inability to play quietly, talking excessively, learning out answers before questions have been completed, difficulty waiting turns, and interrupting or intruding on others.
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The diagnostic criteria, according to the dsm -5, the diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders, the 5th edition, to be diagnosed with adhd.
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A child must exhibit six or more symptoms from either or both of the inattention and hyperactivity impulsivity categories categories for at least six months to a degree that it is inconsistent with developmental level and that negatively impacts directly on social and academic or occupational activities.
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Additionally, several symptoms should have been present before the age of 12 and they must be evident in two or more settings such as at home, school, or work with friends or relatives and in other activities.
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So if they're only showing these symptoms in one setting, we wouldn't necessarily diagnose them because that would be more situational than that there's actually something more going on there.
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So we would look at the situation in the environment versus diagnosing them with adhd.
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The reason we talk about six months as well is because then it's showing a consistent pattern.
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This isn't something that is just something's going on in their life and they're maybe more hyper than normal or whatever for a couple weeks and then it kind of goes away because of whatever was going on in life this is something that isn't just going to go away with adhd doesn't just go away there are medications that can help it but it's persistent and that's why we're talking about that six months that it's persistent and ongoing the impact of adhd on learning and behavior.
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So it impacts both of these in several ways.
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So children with adhd may struggle with various learning difficulties due to their symptoms.
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So let's go back and think about some of the things that we talked about that could manifest because of adhd.
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When we look at the inattention side, we said difficulty sustaining attention and tasks.
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It would be hard for, it could could be hard for them to focus on an assignment or in -class work to complete it.
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So that's going to impact their schooling.
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Not listening when spoken to directly.
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They may miss instruction, miss directions that were given by a teacher or somebody else in the school setting.
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And that's going to impact their learning or it's going to impact their behavior because they miss being told to stand in line quietly.
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And now they're not doing that.
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And now it looks like they're not behaving when, in fact, it's their adhd.
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Difficulty organizing tasks.
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This is going to impact their learning.
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Like if they've got a big project, they may struggle to break that project down and organize the tasks involved.
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Avoidance of tasks requiring sustained mental effort.
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This is often because it's overwhelming for them...