Q1. A researcher has polled a random sample of Australians to find out their attitudes towards animal testing. They asked participants to rate their agreement (from 1/Strongly disagree to 7/Strongly agree) with the following item: "I disagree with cosmetic and medical testing that harms innocent animals." In 50-80 words, identify and explain two problems with their survey item, and explain how each problem may have biased responses to the poll.
Q2. Professor McGonagall is interested in understanding the relationship between alcohol consumption and task performance. She has seen a research paper showing that very low levels of alcohol intake improve driving ability, so she hypothesizes that very low levels of rum intake will improve a pirate's sailing skills. She recruits 100 pirates and instructs them to drink a glass of rum. After 15 minutes have passed, each of the pirates then navigates a small sailboat through an obstacle course, and their completion time is recorded. The pirates are then instructed to drink 5 more glasses of rum, after which they navigate their boats through the obstacle course again, with their completion time recorded. Upon comparing the two sets of completion times, Professor McGonagall finds no statistically significant difference between the two means. She concludes that alcohol intake has no influence on pirates' sailing ability. In 50-80 words, describe two problems with the research design and interpretation, and suggest two ways to improve the design.