The formula to calculate stress is:
\[ \sigma = \frac{F}{A} \]
Given:
- Force, \(F = 30 \, \text{kN} = 30,000 \, \text{N}\) (since \(1 \, \text{kN} = 1000 \, \text{N}\))
- Diameter of the rod, \(d = 3.0 \, \text{cm} = 30 \, \text{mm}\) (since \(1 \, \text{cm} =
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