We have assumed that the combustion of butane was complete combustion (producing only carbon dioxide and water).
What evidence did you observe that incomplete combustion may have occurred? Which substance(s) exhibited greater evidence of incomplete combustion? Explain. If the butane had burned according to the following incomplete combustion reaction, use heats of formation to determine the heat of combustion (kcal per gram of butane) that would have resulted.
C4H10 (g) + 5 O2 (g) -> 2 CO2 (g) + CO (g) + C (s) + 5 H2O (g)
If incomplete combustion did occur in your experiment, is your calculated value of the calorimeter efficiency higher or lower than the true value?