- \( x_{i1} \), \( x_{i2} \), and \( x_{i3} \) are the independent variables.
- \( \beta_0 \) is the intercept.
- \( \beta_1 \), \( \beta_2 \), and \( \beta_3 \) are the coefficients for \( x_{i1} \), \( x_{i2} \), and \( x_{i3} \), respectively.
- \( U_i \) is
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