Camera lenses often have an anti-reflective thin film coating on their surface. A simplified diagram of such an arrangement is shown below. Light with a wavelength of 532 nm is normally incident on the thin film of thickness t and index of refraction nz such that 1.0 < nz < 1.5. Reflections occur at the interfaces A and B as shown on the diagram. (The incident, transmission, and reflection rays are normal to the surface; they have been drawn at an angle for clarity.)
Air: n1 = 1.0
n2
Glass: n3 = 1.5
Explain what phase changes will occur at the interfaces A and B. (2) Calculate the minimum thickness of anti-reflection coating required to minimize any reflections. Assume that the thin film is made from magnesium fluoride which has a refractive index of 1.38. (3) Calculate the fraction of the light that is reflected from the thin film at normal incidence. (2)