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Question 2: P-Value Method: Computer programs such as Excel, SPSS, and Mini-Tab use the p-value method for hypothesis testing. The p-value is the smallest level of significance for which a sample statistic tells to reject the null hypothesis (H0). A p-value is the area in the tail (left or right) or tails (2-tailed test) of the curve beyond the observed sample statistic. Please Note: ALL STATISTICAL TESTS FOLLOW THE RULE FOR THE p-value. How Much Nicotine is in those Cigarettes? A tobacco company claims that its best-selling cigarettes contain at most 40 mg of nicotine. This claim is tested at the 1% significance level by using the results of 15 randomly selected cigarettes. The mean is 42.6 mg and the standard deviation is 3.7 mg. Evidence suggests that nicotine is normally distributed. Information from a computer output of the hypothesis test is listed. Sample mean = 42.6 P-value = 0.008 Sample standard deviation = 3.7 Significance level = 0.01 Sample size = 15 Test statistic t = 2.72155 Degrees of freedom = 14 Critical value t = 2.62449 What are the degrees of freedom? Is this a z or t test? Is this a comparison of one or two samples? Is this a right-tailed, left-tailed, or two-tailed test? From observing the P-value, what would you conclude? By comparing the test statistics to the critical value, what would you conclude? Is there a conflict in this output? Explain. What has been proved in this study?

          Question 2: P-Value Method:
Computer programs such as Excel, SPSS, and Mini-Tab use the p-value method for hypothesis testing. The p-value is the smallest level of significance for which a sample statistic tells to reject the null hypothesis (H0). A p-value is the area in the tail (left or right) or tails (2-tailed test) of the curve beyond the observed sample statistic.
Please Note: ALL STATISTICAL TESTS FOLLOW THE RULE FOR THE p-value.

How Much Nicotine is in those Cigarettes?
A tobacco company claims that its best-selling cigarettes contain at most 40 mg of nicotine. This claim is tested at the 1% significance level by using the results of 15 randomly selected cigarettes. The mean is 42.6 mg and the standard deviation is 3.7 mg. Evidence suggests that nicotine is normally distributed. Information from a computer output of the hypothesis test is listed.

Sample mean = 42.6
P-value = 0.008
Sample standard deviation = 3.7
Significance level = 0.01
Sample size = 15
Test statistic t = 2.72155
Degrees of freedom = 14
Critical value t = 2.62449

What are the degrees of freedom?
Is this a z or t test?
Is this a comparison of one or two samples?
Is this a right-tailed, left-tailed, or two-tailed test?
From observing the P-value, what would you conclude?
By comparing the test statistics to the critical value, what would you conclude?
Is there a conflict in this output? Explain.
What has been proved in this study?

Added by Alan W.

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