The Kid-RSA algorithm is a simplified version of the RSA algorithm. Kid-RSA takes as its input four numbers: a, b, a1, and b1. The four numbers are:
M = a * b - 1
e = a1 * M + a
d = b1 * M + b
n = (e * d) / M
A plaintext message P can be encrypted to an encrypted message C with the public key (n, e) using the formula: C = e * P (mod n).
Once encrypted, C can be converted back to P using the private key 'd as follows:
P = C * d (mod n)
(a) If a = 123, b = 456, a1 = 789, and b1 = 1234, calculate M, e, d, and n. Show your working.
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(b) State the public key for these values of a, b, a1, and b1.
(c) Encrypt the message 'Caesar++' using the public key. Show your working.
(d) Decrypt the message. Show your working.
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