00:03
Okay, we've got the following system.
00:13
We've got a benzene ring with a nitro group, and then we've got a ch2, which is known as an ethomethline, if you're wondering what that meant, and another benzene ring.
00:31
And we're going to have this undergo fidelcraft's acolation, which means we're going to add.
00:37
It doesn't really matter what we're adding.
00:39
All we need to know is that we're doing eas, electrophilic aromatic substitution, and that, this is a common reagent for electrophilic aromatic substitution.
00:51
And they're asking us, where will substitution take place? well, what we've got to remember is that when we have electrophilic aromatic substitution, that some functional groups are electron withdrawing, and some functional groups are electron donating.
01:12
And that functional groups which are electron withdrawing deactivate benzene towards e .a.
01:20
And electron donating groups activate benzene rings towards eas.
01:27
Now we've got two functional groups to look at.
01:30
We've got a nitro group and we've got a methylene.
01:33
Okay, so nitro groups recall that they are drawn fully out like this.
01:46
The positive charge on this nitrogen makes this electron withdrawing.
01:54
Right so nitro groups are with withdrawing um carboxylic acids are withdrawing because you can draw them uh with a resonance that is with a positive charge on the uh connected carbon yeah so any sort of carbonyl is electron withdrawing anything with a positive charge directly connected to the ring is going to be electron withdrawn alcohol groups are electron donating and they're electron donating due to hyperconjugation, that is, the carbon hydrogen bonds will slightly, to some extent, overlap with the pi system in the ring, and they will donate some of their electron density into the pi system.
02:49
So hyperconjugation is the reason that alcohol groups are activating or donating.
02:54
Okay, so we've got deactivating ewg, and we've got ewg.
03:01
Dg...