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A health psychologist wanted to determine whether tai chi or walking can significantly reduce symptoms for people with arthritis. 40 participants, aged 18 or over and doctor diagnosed with arthritis, self-reported pain and stiffness at the end of a 5-week tai chi course and then at the end of 5 weeks of monitored walking. Lower scores indicated lower pain and stiffness. The measurements of pain and stiffness had MD = 8.5, SD = 21.5. Indicate the independent variable. the age of the participants the number of weeks of exercise the type of exercise the level of pain and stiffness

          A health psychologist wanted to determine whether tai chi or walking can significantly reduce symptoms for people with arthritis. 40 participants, aged 18 or over and doctor diagnosed with arthritis, self-reported pain and stiffness at the end of a 5-week tai chi course and then at the end of 5 weeks of monitored walking. Lower scores indicated lower pain and stiffness. The measurements of pain and stiffness had MD = 8.5, SD = 21.5. Indicate the independent variable.
the age of the participants
the number of weeks of exercise
the type of exercise
the level of pain and stiffness
        
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A health psychologist wanted to determine whether tai chi or walking can significantly reduce symptoms for people with arthritis. 40 participants, aged 18 or over and doctor diagnosed with arthritis, self-reported pain and stiffness at the end of a 5-week tai chi course and then at the end of 5 weeks of monitored walking. Lower scores indicated lower pain and stiffness. The measurements of pain and stiffness had MD = 8.5, SD = 21.5. Indicate the independent variable.
the age of the participants
the number of weeks of exercise
the type of exercise
the level of pain and stiffness

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A health psychologist wanted to determine whether tai chi or walking can significantly reduce symptoms for people with arthritis. 40 participants, aged 18 or over and doctor diagnosed with arthritis, self-reported pain and stiffness at the end of a 5-week tai chi course and then at the end of 5 weeks of monitored walking. Lower scores indicated lower pain and stiffness. The measurements of pain and stiffness had MD = 8.5, SD = 21.5. Indicate the independent variable: - the age of the participants - the number of weeks of exercise - the type of exercise - the level of pain and stiffness
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callahan-2009-demonstrated-that-tai-chi-can-significantly-reduce-symptoms-for-individuals-with-arthr

Callahan ( 2009 ) demonstrated that tai chi can significantly reduce symptoms for individuals with arthritis. Participants were 18 years old or older with doctordiagnosed arthritis. Self-reports of pain and stiffness were measured at the beginning of an eight-week tai chi course and again at the end. Suppose that the data produced an average decrease in pain and stiffness of $M_{D}=8.5$ points with a standard deviation of 21.5 for a sample of $n=40$ participants. a. Use a two-tailed test with $\alpha=.05$ to determine whether the tai chi had a significant effect on pain and stiffness. b. Compute Cohen's $d$ to measure the size of the treatment effect.

Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences

in-studying-the-effects-of-tai-chi-on-arthritis-pain-callahan-2009-selected-large-sample-of-individuals-with-doctor-diagnosed-arthritis_-half-of-the-participants-immediately-began-tai-chi-co-50498

In studying the effects of Tai Chi on arthritis pain, Callahan (2009) selected a large sample of individuals with doctor-diagnosed arthritis. Half of the participants immediately began a Tai Chi course and the other half waited 8 weeks before beginning the program. At the end of 8 weeks, those who had experienced Tai Chi had less arthritis pain those who had not participated in the program. Is this an example of an experimental or a non-experimental study? (.5)

Qudsiya A.


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Transcript

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00:01 Health students, let's take this question in this question, n equals to 40 participant is given and mean deviation md equal to 8 .5 and standard deviation sd equal to 21 .5 is given.
00:17 Then we have to find out which is the independent variable...
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