QUESTION 4
What can we say about the graph below?
a.
There is a negative relationship between the number of
cigarettes smoked per day before the intervention and the number of
cigarettes smoked after the intervention.
b.
There is no relationship between the two variables
c.
The participants who smoked the most cigarettes per day before
the intervention, smoked the fewest cigarettes per day after the
intervention.
d.
There is a positive relationship between the number of
cigarettes smoked per day before the intervention and the number of
cigarettes smoked after the intervention.
QUESTION 5
A study was done to investigate the effect of ‘motivation to
quit’ on the success rate of a new intervention developed to reduce
the number of cigarettes smoked per day in a group of smokers.
Looking at the graph below, what can we say about the relationship
between motivation to quit and the success rate of the
intervention?
a.
Whether a person wanted to quit smoking had no effect on the
success of the smoking intervention.
b.
There were the same number of people who wanted to quit smoking
as who didn’t.
c.
We can’t say anything about the success of the intervention
because the graph does not take into account the number of
cigarettes smoked per day pre-intervention.
d.
The medians were the same in people who wanted to quit smoking
and those that didn’t.
QUESTION 6
The graph below shows the mean success rate of cutting down on
smoking (positive score = success) in people who wanted to quit and
people who did not want to quit. Which of the following statements
is the most true?
a.
On average, people who wanted to quit were 25 times more
successful than those who did not.
b.
On average, success was six times higher in people who wanted to
quit than in those who did not.
c.
The average success was significantly higher in people who
wanted to quit.
d.
The effect in the population is likely to be the same for those
who did and did not want to quit.
QUESTION 7
You have income data for your entire customer database. Some of
your clients are far wealthier than others. Which of the following
do outliers least affect?
a.
The range
b.
The mean
c.
The median
d.
The standard deviation
QUESTION 8
Some data were collected about consumer loyalty towards a
(relatively) new brand of toilet roll – ‘Wipe-It’ (using a scale
from 1 = I’d never go back to 10 = I will always purchase this
brand). The sample was 15,467 people. When looking at the
distribution, a skew of 1.23 (SE = 0.65) was
identified. The mean rating was 4.78. What is
the z-score for the skew in this data?
a.
1.89
b.
0.53
c.
-3.92
d.
3.36
QUESTION 9
What does independence of data mean?
a.
That we must never collect two sets of data from one person
b.
That independent researchers must collect the data
c.
That scores from one participant are free from influences from
other participants
d.
That scores in one condition are free from influences from other
conditions
QUESTION 10
Which of the following is not defined as a
property for a variance ratio?
a.
It can be used to demonstrate homogeneity of variances.
b.
It is one variance divided by another.
c.
It is one variance multiplied by another.
d.
It can show the effect of a treatment on several groups.
QUESTION 11
To represent hierarchical relationship between elements, which
data structure is suitable?
a.
Deque
b.
Priority
c.
Tree
d.
All of the above
QUESTION 12
What statement best describes what is shown in the graph
below?
a.
There were 46 hospital visitors visiting during the week.
b.
There were 48 visitors to the hospital in a week.
c.
Day 1 is the most popular day for visiting.
d.
Day 6 has the least number of visitors.
QUESTION 13
What does the information in the following boxplot tell you
about the surviving infants of severe idiopathic respiratory
distress syndrome?
Birthweights of infants with severe idiopathic respiratory
distress syndrome (SIRDS)
(Source: www.openlearn/open.ac.uk)
a.
The median birthweight is lower for those who died.
b.
The mean birthweight is higher for those who survived.
c.
The median birthweight is greater than those who died.
d.
The mean birthweight is lower for those who survived.
QUESTION 14
What does this graph tell you about those who had five or more
drinks in one day?
a.
Those who drank most, slept most.
b.
Those who drank least, slept least.
c.
Those who drank most, slept least.
d.
None of the above.
QUESTION 15
For which of the following sets of variables would
you not use a scatterplot in order to
show your data?
a.
An individual’s rating of pain on a scale and the amount of
analgesia taken
b.
Raised body temperature and level of depression
c.
Numbers of children having measles immunization and incidence of
measles illness
d.
The number of people attending a nursing home on a Saturday
QUESTION 16
I collected some data about how much buyers of my book liked it
(on a scale of 1 = it’s utter rubbish to 10 = I never read anything
else). I ended up with a sample of 15,467 people. When I looked at
the distribution, I found a skew of 1.23 (SE = 0.65).
The mean rating was 4.78. What is the z-score for the
skew of my data?
a.
1.89
b.
0.53
c.
–3.92
d.
3.36
QUESTION 17
Which of the following are important components of graphical
illustrations?
a.
Labelled axes
b.
Clarity and conciseness
c.
A legend if appropriate
d.
All of the above
QUESTION 18
A researcher randomized 75 children into three groups (25 per
group). Each group was taught how to perform a basketball
free throw using either a visual, aural or verbal learning
style. The success of the learning style was determined by
the number of points scored from ten attempts. Which of the
following would be considered the independent variable?
a.
Number of successful free throw attempts
b.
Learning style of group
c.
Number of unsuccessful free throw attempts
d.
Both successful and unsuccessful free throw attempts
QUESTION 19
Researchers were interested in finding out how the respiratory
parameters in a group of individuals who were diagnosed with asthma
responded to a six-week aerobic training intervention. Forced
expired ratio (FER, %) is the product of the forced expired ratio
in 1 second (FEV1, litres) divided by the forced
vital capacity (FVC, litres) and was the parameter the researchers
were most interested in. The results are presented
below. Enter the data into SPSS and plot a bar chart
representing the mean of the pre- and post-test data. Add the
95% confidence intervals for the mean. You should get the bar chart
shown below. What does the 95% confidence interval (CI) that you
have plotted refer to?
FER (%)
Pre
Post
64
70
40
43
45
41
75
79
76
80
62
70
97
95
95
95
89
90
52
65
64
68
69
75
78
85
67
78
55
55
a.
95% confidence that the mean will fall between these
intervals
b.
95% confidence that all data points fall between these
intervals
c.
95% confidence that all data points fall outside these
intervals
d.
95% confidence that the range falls between these intervals
QUESTION 20
Analyse the following box–whisker plot. What assumptions
can be made about participant 3 in the post-test data
set?
a.
This person has the lowest score and can be considered an
outlying data point
b.
This person has the lowest score and can be considered an
extreme outlying data point
c.
This person has the lowest score but is not considered an
outlying data point
d.
This person has the lowest score but is a borderline outlying
data point