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QUESTION 2 a) Describe briefly some advantages of digital over analog transmission. (2 marks) b) With the aid of diagrams describe the process of creating a PCM signal out of an analog waveform. (3 marks) c) Describe factors that can degrade the performance of a communication system. (2 marks) An analog signal is sampled at Nyquist rate and 5-bit PCM encoded using a bit interval of Tb=100?s. The PCM signal is received with a Peak S/N of 30 dB. d) Find the null bandwidth necessary for transmitting the PCM signal using Unipolar NRZ pulses. (2 marks) e) Find the null bandwidth necessary for transmitting the PCM signal using Manchester NRZ pulses. (2 marks) f) Compare Unipolar NRZ and Manchester NRZ line coding regarding bandwidth requirement, DC value and synchronization signal generation. (3 marks) g) Calculate the average noise power of the received PCM signal if the Peak signal power is 1 mW. (2 marks) h) Find the probability of error Pe of the received PCM signal. (2 marks) i) What shall we do to transmit this PCM signal using Unipolar NRZ over a channel which has a bandwidth of only 5 KHz?Explain. (2 marks) (frac{S}{N})_{pk} = frac{3M^2}{1+4(M^2-1)P_e} QUESTION 3 a) An audio signal of bandwidth 4 kHz is sampled at a rate of 25% above the Nyquist rate and quantized. The quantization error is not to exceed 0.1% of the signal peak amplitude. The resulting quantized samples are now coded and transmitted by 4-ary pulses. (i) Determine the minimum number of 4-ary pulses needed to encode each sample. (2 marks) (ii) Determine the minimum transmission bandwidth required to transmit this data with zero ISI. (2 marks) (iii) Determine the transmission bandwidth required if raised-cosine 4-ary pulses with 25% roll-off are used. (2 marks) b) An analog signal of bandwidth 10 kHz is sampled at a rate of 24 ksamples/s quantized into 256 samples and coded using M-ary multilevel pulses satisfying the Nyquist criterion with a roll-off factor r=0.2. A 30 kHz bandwidth is available to transmit the data. Determine the smallest acceptable value of M. (6 marks) c) A multilevel digital system sends one of 16 possible levels over a channel every 0.5 ms (i) What is the number of bits corresponding to each level? (ii) What is the bit rate? (2 marks)

          QUESTION 2
a) Describe briefly some advantages of digital over analog transmission. (2 marks)
b) With the aid of diagrams describe the process of creating a PCM signal out of an analog waveform. (3 marks)
c) Describe factors that can degrade the performance of a communication system. (2 marks)
An analog signal is sampled at Nyquist rate and 5-bit PCM encoded using a bit interval of Tb=100?s. The PCM signal is received with a Peak S/N of 30 dB.
d) Find the null bandwidth necessary for transmitting the PCM signal using Unipolar NRZ pulses. (2 marks)
e) Find the null bandwidth necessary for transmitting the PCM signal using Manchester NRZ pulses. (2 marks)
f) Compare Unipolar NRZ and Manchester NRZ line coding regarding bandwidth requirement, DC value and synchronization signal generation. (3 marks)
g) Calculate the average noise power of the received PCM signal if the Peak signal power is 1 mW. (2 marks)
h) Find the probability of error Pe of the received PCM signal. (2 marks)
i) What shall we do to transmit this PCM signal using Unipolar NRZ over a channel which has a bandwidth of only 5 KHz?Explain. (2 marks)
(frac{S}{N})_{pk} = frac{3M^2}{1+4(M^2-1)P_e}
QUESTION 3
a) An audio signal of bandwidth 4 kHz is sampled at a rate of 25% above the Nyquist rate and quantized. The quantization error is not to exceed 0.1% of the signal peak amplitude. The resulting quantized samples are now coded and transmitted by 4-ary pulses.
(i) Determine the minimum number of 4-ary pulses needed to encode each sample. (2 marks)
(ii) Determine the minimum transmission bandwidth required to transmit this data with zero ISI. (2 marks)
(iii) Determine the transmission bandwidth required if raised-cosine 4-ary pulses with 25% roll-off are used. (2 marks)
b) An analog signal of bandwidth 10 kHz is sampled at a rate of 24 ksamples/s quantized into 256 samples and coded using M-ary multilevel pulses satisfying the Nyquist criterion with a roll-off factor r=0.2. A 30 kHz bandwidth is available to transmit the data. Determine the smallest acceptable value of M. (6 marks)
c) A multilevel digital system sends one of 16 possible levels over a channel every 0.5 ms
(i) What is the number of bits corresponding to each level?
(ii) What is the bit rate? (2 marks)

$QUESTION 2 a) Describe briefly some advantages of digital over analog transmission. (2 marks) b) With the aid of diagrams describe the process of creating a PCM signal out of an analog waveform. (3 marks) c) Describe factors that can degrade the performance of a communication system. (2 marks) An analog signal is sampled at Nyquist rate and 5-bit PCM encoded using a bit interval of Tb=100?s. The PCM signal is received with a Peak S/N of 30 dB. d) Find the null bandwidth necessary for transmitting the PCM signal using Unipolar NRZ pulses. (2 marks) e) Find the null bandwidth necessary for transmitting the PCM signal using Manchester NRZ pulses. (2 marks) f) Compare Unipolar NRZ and Manchester NRZ line coding regarding bandwidth requirement, DC value and synchronization signal generation. (3 marks) g) Calculate the average noise power of the received PCM signal if the Peak signal power is 1 mW. (2 marks) h) Find the probability of error Pe of the received PCM signal. (2 marks) i) What shall we do to transmit this PCM signal using Unipolar NRZ over a channel which has a bandwidth of only 5 KHz?Explain. (2 marks) (fracSN)pk = frac3M^21+4(M^2-1)Pe QUESTION 3 a) An audio signal of bandwidth 4 kHz is sampled at a rate of 25% above the Nyquist rate and quantized. The quantization error is not to exceed 0.1% of the signal peak amplitude. The resulting quantized samples are now coded and transmitted by 4-ary pulses. (i) Determine the minimum number of 4-ary pulses needed to encode each sample. (2 marks) (ii) Determine the minimum transmission bandwidth required to transmit this data with zero ISI. (2 marks) (iii) Determine the transmission bandwidth required if raised-cosine 4-ary pulses with 25% roll-off are used. (2 marks) b) An analog signal of bandwidth 10 kHz is sampled at a rate of 24 ksamples/s quantized into 256 samples and coded using M-ary multilevel pulses satisfying the Nyquist criterion with a roll-off factor r=0.2. A 30 kHz bandwidth is available to transmit the data. Determine the smallest acceptable value of M. (6 marks) c) A multilevel digital system sends one of 16 possible levels over a channel every 0.5 ms (i) What is the number of bits corresponding to each level? (ii) What is the bit rate? (2 marks)$

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