Questions (answers should be included after your Conclusion) 1. This experiment assumes that only ketones act as nucleophiles. Why are the aldehydes acting as nucleophiles not a concern? 2. This experiment assumes that the aldehyde will act as the electrophile. There is another possible electrophile. What is it and why can it act as the electrophile? 3. Sodium hydroxide can react with the solvent, ethanol, in this experiment instead of making the enolate. Why is this not a problem? 4. Consider a situation where a student incorrectly identified their aldehyde and ketone and thus added the incorrect volume of each in the chemical reaction. What affect would this have on the product of the chemical reaction? 5. Consider the below aldol reaction. Draw the product if all reactants are consumed and condensation, if possible, occurs.
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The aldehyde will undergo deprotonation by the base (NaOH) to form an enolate ion. ** Show more…
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Text: Reactions of aldehydes and ketones Part 1: Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones Indicate which of the compounds give positive (+) or negative (-) results for the following tests. Tollen's reagent Fehling's solution Schiff reagent Acetaldehyde Benzaldehyde Acetone Part 2: Carbonyl addition reaction State the observation(s) for the reaction of carbonyl compounds with sodium bisulfite. Observation Benzaldehyde Acetone Part 3: Brady's reagent State the observation(s) for the reaction of carbonyl compounds with Brady's reagent. Observation Benzaldehyde Acetone Cyclohexanone Part 4: Iodoform test State the observation(s) for the reaction of carbonyl compounds with iodine and sodium hydroxide. Observation Acetone 30% acetaldehyde Ethyl alcohol Part 5: Short answer question Suggest a chemical test that could be used to differentiate the following pairs of compounds. Briefly state the observation(s) and write the chemical reaction(s) involved. Ethanol and 1-propanol Benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde Cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone
Sri K.
1. Write the reaction of 2 mols of benzaldehyde with 1 mol of acetone in the presence of sodium hydroxide in ethanol. A. Draw the dehydrated product. B. When performing the cross-aldol reaction, it is very important to control the stoichiometry of the reaction therefore the ketone is added in a drop-wise fashion to a stirring solution of the aldehyde in ethanolic NaOH. Referring to th reaction in #1, draw the product(s) that would form if all the ketone was added to the basic solution at once. Assume the product(s) spontaneously dehydrate.
Hitendra S.
Aldehydes and ketones undergo acid-catalyzed reaction with alcohols to yield hemiacetals, compounds that have one alcohol-like oxygen and one ether-like oxygen bonded to the same carbon. Further reaction of a hemiacetal with alcohol then yields an acetal, a compound that has two ether-like oxygens bonded to the same carbon. (EQUATION CAN'T COPY) (a) Show the structures of the hemiacetal and acetal you would obtain by reaction of cyclohexanone with ethanol. (b) Propose a mechanism for the conversion of a hemiacetal into an acetal.
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