Questions set #1 Short Answers [12 marks] 1. How does Manchester encoding differ from differential Manchester encoding? [1 mark] 2. Why is it necessary to limit a signal bandwidth before performing its sampling? [1 mark] 3. What is quantization error? How we can reduced it? [1 mark] 4. Explain how and in what situation DPCM performs better than PCM [1 mark]
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Manchester encoding and differential Manchester encoding are both techniques used for encoding digital data into a waveform. However, they differ in how they represent the data. In Manchester encoding, each bit is represented by a transition in the middle of the Show more…
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(a) A Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) system uses a uniform quantizer with 256 quantization levels. The bit rate of the system is equal to 56 * 10^6 bps. (i) What is the maximum message bandwidth for which the system operates satisfactorily? [2 marks] (ii) Determine the output signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SQNR) when a full load sinusoidal modulating wave of frequency 3 MHz is applied to the input. [2 marks] (b) The input signal m(t) = 8 cos(2πt) volts is transmitted using a 3-bit binary PCM system. The quantizer is of the midrise type with a step-size of 2 volts. Obtain the resulting PCM bit stream for one complete cycle of the input. Assume a sampling rate of 4 samples per second with samples taken at t = 1/8, 3/8, 5/8, 7/8, .... seconds. [6 marks]
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What is sampling? How frequently should it be? What is the Nyquist Criterion for sampling signals? What happens if we sample at a lower rate or a higher rate than the Nyquist rate? What will be the right sampling rate for an Audio Signal? Why do we choose the sampling rate close to the Nyquist rate and not a very high rate? What is quantization? What is the difference between linear and nonlinear quantization? How is an audio signal quantized? How do we reconstruct the original signal back from the digitized signal? What is a low-pass filter? What is Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC)? What are commercially available ADCs? What should be a good criterion for the selection of an ADC?
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