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4. Refraction is the change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another or from a gradual change in the medium. (a) From the Figure 2a, a ray of light passes from one medium into a second medium, and then into a third medium. The final angle of refraction is ??. From the Figure 2b, if the same ray of light passes from one medium into the third medium without the second medium (provided total internal reflection does not occur), the final angle of refraction is ??'. Prove that ??' = ??. (10 marks) n? n? n? ?? ?? (a) n? n? ?? ??' (b) Figure 2: Refraction (b) You can determine the index of refraction of a substance by determining its critical angle. The Table 1 shows the refractive indices for various medium. Medium | n --- | --- Air | 1.000293 Benzene | 1.501 Carbon disulfide | 1.628 Glycerine | 1.473 Water, fresh | 1.333 Fluorite | 1.434 Glass, crown | 1.52 Table 1 - Refractive indices for various medium i. What is the index of refraction of a substance that has a critical angle of 61.74° when submerged in fluorite? (3 marks) ii. What is the substance, based on the above table? (1 mark) iii. What would the critical angles be for the substance in air and water respectively? (6 marks)

          4. Refraction is the change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another or from a gradual change in the medium.

(a) From the Figure 2a, a ray of light passes from one medium into a second medium, and then into a third medium. The final angle of refraction is ??. From the Figure 2b, if the same ray of light passes from one medium into the third medium without the second medium (provided total internal reflection does not occur), the final angle of refraction is ??'. Prove that ??' = ??. (10 marks)

n?
n?
n?
??
??
(a)

n?
n?
??
??'
(b)

Figure 2: Refraction

(b) You can determine the index of refraction of a substance by determining its critical angle. The Table 1 shows the refractive indices for various medium.

Medium | n
--- | ---
Air | 1.000293
Benzene | 1.501
Carbon disulfide | 1.628
Glycerine | 1.473
Water, fresh | 1.333
Fluorite | 1.434
Glass, crown | 1.52

Table 1 - Refractive indices for various medium

i. What is the index of refraction of a substance that has a critical angle of 61.74° when submerged in fluorite? (3 marks)
ii. What is the substance, based on the above table? (1 mark)
iii. What would the critical angles be for the substance in air and water respectively? (6 marks)

$4. Refraction is the change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another or from a gradual change in the medium. (a) From the Figure 2a, a ray of light passes from one medium into a second medium, and then into a third medium. The final angle of refraction is ??. From the Figure 2b, if the same ray of light passes from one medium into the third medium without the second medium (provided total internal reflection does not occur), the final angle of refraction is ??'. Prove that ??' = ??. (10 marks) n? n? n? ?? ?? (a) n? n? ?? ??' (b) Figure 2: Refraction (b) You can determine the index of refraction of a substance by determining its critical angle. The Table 1 shows the refractive indices for various medium. Medium | n — | — Air | 1.000293 Benzene | 1.501 Carbon disulfide | 1.628 Glycerine | 1.473 Water, fresh | 1.333 Fluorite | 1.434 Glass, crown | 1.52 Table 1 - Refractive indices for various medium i. What is the index of refraction of a substance that has a critical angle of 61.74° when submerged in fluorite? (3 marks) ii. What is the substance, based on the above table? (1 mark) iii. What would the critical angles be for the substance in air and water respectively? (6 marks)$

Added by Joseph P.

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