Scientists can learn a great deal about a community's drug use (both legal and illegal) by analyzing the contaminants in wastewater. In a recent study in New York State, chemists measured the concentration of cotinine, a derivative of nicotine that is produced in the liver and excreted in the urine of tobacco users. The chemists found the average cotinine concentrations in the wastewater stream was \( 1.43 \mu \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{L} \). a b Cotinine is slightly soluble in water. Using the structure of cotinine, identify any polar covalent bonds that are present in this substance. C-C \( \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{N} \) \( \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{H} \) \( \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{O} \)
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A polar covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms. This happens because one atom has a stronger pull (higher electronegativity) on the electron pair than the other atom. This results in a partial Show more…
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An anonymous survey of college students was taken to determine behaviors regarding alcohol, cigarettes, and illegal drugs. The results were as follows: 849 students drank alcohol regularly, 652 students smoked cigarettes, and 184 students used illegal drugs. Additionally, 401 students drank alcohol regularly and smoked cigarettes, 98 students drank alcohol regularly and used illegal drugs, and 106 students smoked cigarettes and used illegal drugs. Furthermore, 83 students engaged in all three behaviors, and 187 students did not engage in any of these behaviors. How many students were surveyed? 1500 Of those surveyed, how many smoked cigarettes or used illegal drugs? 730 How many students drank alcohol only? 267 How many students drank alcohol and used illegal drugs but did not smoke cigarettes? How many students smoked cigarettes and used illegal drugs but did not drink alcohol? How many students engaged in exactly two of these behaviors? How many students engaged in at least one of these behaviors?
Aman G.
An anonymous survey of college students was taken to determine behaviors regarding alcohol, cigarettes, and illegal drugs. The results were as follows: 862 drank alcohol regularly, 633 smoked cigarettes, 188 used illegal drugs, 407 drank alcohol regularly and smoked cigarettes, 101 drank alcohol regularly and used illegal drugs, 103 smoked cigarettes and used illegal drugs, 82 engaged in all three behaviors, and 196 engaged in none of these behaviors. a) How many students were surveyed? b) Of those surveyed, how many drank alcohol regularly or smoked cigarettes? c) How many used illegal drugs only? d) How many drank alcohol regularly and smoked cigarettes, but did not use illegal drugs? e) How many drank alcohol regularly or used illegal drugs, but did not smoke cigarettes? f) How many engaged in exactly two of these behaviors? g) How many engaged in at least one of these behaviors?
Joelle I.
Secondhand smoke: Cotinine levels were measured in a group of non-smokers exposed to tobacco smoke (n = 40). The mean of the sample was 60.58 ng/mL and the standard deviation was 138.08 ng/mL. Also, cotinine levels were measured in a group of non-smokers not exposed to tobacco smoke (n = 40). The mean of the sample was 16.35 ng/mL and the standard deviation was 62.53 ng/mL. Cotinine is a metabolite of nicotine, meaning that when nicotine is absorbed by the body, cotinine is produced. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that non-smokers exposed to tobacco smoke have a higher mean nicotine level than non-smokers not exposed to tobacco smoke. 1) Define the parameter and state null and alternative hypotheses. 2) Test Statistics. 3) Critical Value Approach. 4) Conclusion.
Sri K.
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