The majority of variables that social scientists study are not normally distributed. This doesn't typically cause problems in analysis when the goal of a study is to calculate means and standard deviations as long as sample sizes are greater than about 50. However, when characterizing the distribution of scores in one sample, or in a complete population (if this information is available), a non-normal distribution can cause complications. We can illustrate this point by examining the distribution of age in the GSS 2018 data file.
Calculate the mean and standard deviation for AGE in this sample (click on Analyze, Descriptive statistics, frequencies, put AGE in the empty box, and then click on Statistics and then put a check in the mean and standard deviation boxes). Assuming the distribution of age is normal, calculate the number of people who should be 25 years of age or less using the Z-score formula.
The Z-score for 25 years old is?