Step-up chopper similar to Fig. 1 (lecture notes) is to deliver 3A into the 100 load. The battery voltage is 12V, L = 20 μH; C = 100pF, and the chopper frequency is 50kHz. Determine the on-time of the chopper and the battery current variation (ΔI). In a battery-powered car, the battery voltage is 120V. It is driven by a DC motor with a resistance of 0.20Ω. During braking, the chopper configuration is changed to the voltage step-up mode. While going downhill at a certain speed, the induced EMF of the machine is 110V and the braking current is 10A. Determine the chopper duty cycle (D) assuming continuous current operation. Design a boost converter such that a 5V input is scaled to 15V, with no more than 50mV ripple on the output and an input current ripple of no more than 2%. The output load power is 6W. The switching frequency is 66.7kHz. For the boost converter, draw its circuit diagram showing the supply voltage, converter components, and load. Sketch the inductor voltage, inductor current, and the diode current. The figure 7-17 shows the current in the diode of the step-up converter. Using the average value theorem, derive an expression for the voltage ripple (ΔVave) knowing that ΔVave = En-D7. Figure 7-17 Step-Up Converter Output Voltage. Design a boost converter (i.e., determine L and C) with the following specifications: P = 27W, V = 40V, V = 28V, ΔV = 2%, ΔI = 1%, and F = 30kHz. Assume continuous current conduction mode. In a step-up converter, it has an output voltage Vout = 48V and an input voltage Vin = 36V. The maximum power output is 120W. For stability reasons, it is required that the converter operates in a discontinuous current conduction mode. The switching frequency is 50kHz. Assuming ideal components and a very large, calculate the value of L that can be used given that I = 2.54.