Studies show that in early adolescence (e.g., 14 years of age) the effects of genes on alcohol consumption are ____________, while the genetic effects at age 18 are _____
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17. Many parents allow their underage children to drink alcohol in limited situations when an adult is present supervise. The idea is that teens will learn responsible drinking habits if they first experience alcohol in a controlled environment. Other parents take strict no-drinking approach with the idea that they are sending clear message about what is right and what is wrong. Recent research however, suggests that the more permissive approach may actually result in more negative consequences (McMorris et al., 2011). The researchers surveyed a sample of 150 students each year from ages 14 to 17. The students were asked about their alcohol use and about alcohol-related problems such binge drinking, fights, and blackouts. The following table shows data similar to the results from the study. Experience with Alcohol-Related Problems No Yes Not Allowed to Drink 80 40 120 Allowed to Drink 40 40 80 120 80 n = 200
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Effects of Alcohol on the Brain In a study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry (157:737-744, May 2000), researchers wanted to measure the effect of alcohol on the hippocampal region, the portion of the brain responsible for long-term memory storage, in adolescents. The researchers randomly selected 12 adolescents with alcohol use disorders to determine whether the hippocampal volumes in the alcoholic adolescents were less than the normal volume of 9.02 cubic centimeters $\left(\mathrm{cm}^{3}\right)$. An analysis of the sample data revealed that the hippocampal volume is approximately normal with $\bar{x}=8.10 \mathrm{~cm}^{3}$ and $s=0.7 \mathrm{~cm}^{3}$. Conduct the appropriate test at the $\alpha=0.01$ level of significance.
Hypothesis Tests Regarding a Parameter
Hypothesis Tests for a Population Mean
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