Suppose a study was conducted to see whether there is an association between marital status and breast cancer remission. The table shows the results from the study. Assume all conditions for testing have been met. Click the icon to view the table. This was an observational study of randomly chosen patients who had received similar chemotherapy treatments. Test the hypothesis that marital status and remission from breast cancer are associated, using a significance level of 0.05 . Choose the correct decision regarding the null hypothesis and conclusion. Refer to the computer output. Click the icon to view the computer output. A. Fail to reject the null hypothesis; marital status and cancer remission are associated. B. Reject the null hypothesis; marital status and cancer remission are associated. C. Reject the null hypothesis; marital status and cancer remission are not associated. D. Fail to reject the null hypothesis; marital status and cancer remission are not associated. Data Table \begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|} \hline & \multicolumn{4}{|c}{ Patient was in remission } \\ & 1 year & 2 years & 3 or more years \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{c} Married (at the \\ time of treatment) \end{tabular} & 40 & 20 & 15 \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{c} Unmarried (at the \\ time of treatment) \end{tabular} & 33 & 18 & 17 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
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Madhur L.
With the information that you gather from the summary tables, test the following (you can use Excel when appropriate): Determine if there is sufficient evidence to conclude the average amount of births is over 5000 in the United States and territories at the 0.05 level of significance. Determine if there is sufficient evidence to conclude the average amount of deaths is equal to 6000 in the United States and territories at the 0.10 level of significance. Determine if there is sufficient evidence to conclude the average amount of marriages is greater than or equal to 2500 in the United States and territories at the 0.05 level of significance. Determine if there is sufficient evidence to conclude the average amount of divorces is less than or equal to 4000 in the United States and territories at the 0.10 level of significance. For each of the tests above, in your report, be sure to— Clearly state a null and alternative hypothesis Give the value of the test statistic Report the p-value Clearly state your conclusion (Reject the Null or Fail to Reject the Null) Explain what your conclusion means in the context of the data. 4. Make your OWN Claim (You are completing ONE more Hypothesis Test) Lastly, propose and conduct your own test of hypothesis. a) Pick one data set: Births, Deaths, Marriages OR Divorces. b) Write a claim about the data set. c) For your claim— Clearly state a null and alternative hypothesis Give the value of the test statistic Report the p-value Clearly state your conclusion (Reject the Null or Fail to Reject the Null) Explain what your conclusion means in the context of the data.
Umar Sohail Q.
Please use R if techniques needed. 5. In the 2 X 2 contingency tables below, the data from a German study investigating the relationship between smoking status and invasive cervical cancer have been stratified by the number of sexual partners that a woman has had [6]. Zero or One Partner Smoker Cancer Yes No Total Yes 12 25 37 No 21 118 139 Total 33 143 176 Two or More Partners Smoker Cancer Yes No Total Yes 96 92 188 No 142 150 292 Total 238 242 480 (a) Estimate the odds of cervical cancer for smokers relative to nonsmokers for women who have had at most one sexual partner. (b) Estimate the odds ratio for women who have had two or more sexual partners. (c) Within each stratum, are the odds of being diagnosed with cervical cancer higher for women who smoke or for those who do not smoke? (d) If possible, you would like to combine the information in these two strata to make a single overall statement about the relationship between smoking and cervical cancer. What might be the problem if you were to simply sum the entries in the two tables and calculate an odds ratio? (e) Conduct a test of homogeneity. Based on the results of the test, do you think it is appropriate to use the Mantel-Haenszel method to combine the information in these two tables? (f) Compute the Mantel-Haenszel estimate of the summary odds ratio. (g) Construct a 99% confidence interval for the summary odds ratio. Does this confidence interval contain the value 1? What does this mean? (h) At the 0.01 level of significance, test the null hypothesis that there is no association between smoking status and the presence of invasive cervical cancer. What do you conclude?
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