The z-score formula is:
z = (X - μ) / σ
where X is the value, μ is the mean, and σ is the standard deviation.
a. For a trial lasting at least 16 days, we need to find the z-score for 16 days:
z = (16 - 18) / 5 = -2 / 5 = -0.4
Now, we need to find the
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