Sushi is made of raw fish Some people like sushi So, some people like food made of raw fish Good Argument - TRUE Premises and Conclusion FOLLOWS FROM Premises Bad Argument - FALSE premise but Conclusion follows from Premises Bad Argument - True Premises but Conclusion DOES NOT FOLLOW from premises Really Bad Argument - FALSE premise and Conclusion DOES NOT FOLLOW from premises
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Step 1: The argument is valid because the conclusion follows logically from the premises. Show more…
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"Good" arguments (1) have all true premises, but they also (2) avoid fallacious reasoning. Thus, if you can detect either a false premise or a fallacy within an argument, then you know the argument is not a "good" argument (that is, a "sound" or "cogent" argument, for deductive and inductive arguments respectively). However, not all defective arguments commit a fallacy. Specifically, a fallacy is a defect in an argument that arises from faulty reasoning in the argument, not because the argument has one or more false premises. Furthermore, there are two distinct types of fallacies to look out for: informal and formal fallacies. A formal fallacy arises from a defect in the structure of an argument, so that you can identify these fallacies by simply examining the argument's form, without regard to the specific content of the argument. By contrast, an informal fallacy arises from mistaken presumptions about the content of an argument and can only be detected by examining the specific content of the argument's statements. Determine whether each argument is a "good" argument or a defective argument. If it is defective, determine whether it also commits a fallacy, and indicate which type of fallacy (formal or informal) it commits. Argument A P1: Either that animal is a reptile, or else it is definitely not a snake. P2: It is definitely not a snake. C: So, that animal is not a reptile. Argument A ▼ a "good" argument; and it ▼ commit a fallacy. Does Argument A commit an informal or a formal fallacy? Argument A commits an informal fallacy. Argument A commits no fallacy. Argument A commits a formal fallacy. Argument B P1: I like hamburgers. P2: I like chocolate. C: I would probably like chocolate-covered hamburgers. Argument B ▼ a "good" argument; and it ▼ commit a fallacy. Does Argument B commit an informal or a formal fallacy? Argument B commits an informal fallacy. Argument B commits no fallacy. Argument B commits a formal fallacy.
Sri K.
James K.
Certain indicator words and phrases can be useful in determining whether an argument is deductive or inductive. For example, the word "probably," when used before an argument's conclusion, can be an indication that the conclusion follows by probability rather than by necessity. But you should note that deductive and inductive indicator words are not necessary for an argument to be deductive or inductive. This means that you should not rely solely on indicator words to determine whether an argument is deductive or inductive. You should also rely on the actual strength of the inferential relationship between the premises and conclusion. Consider the following arguments. Determine which, if any, of these arguments uses an indicator phrase to signify whether the argument is deductive or inductive. Then determine whether each argument is in fact deductive or inductive. Argument A: P1: If Mr. Carrington likes sushi, then Mr. Carrington likes caviar. P2: Mr. Carrington does indeed like sushi. C: Mr. Carrington likes caviar. Argument B: P1: If Jeffrey is human, then Jeffrey is mortal. P2: Jeffrey is human. C: It certainly follows that Jeffrey is mortal. Does Argument A use an indicator phrase to indicate whether the argument is deductive or inductive? Yes or No? Does Argument B use an indicator phrase to indicate whether the argument is deductive or inductive? Yes or No? Argument A is __________ (deductive/inductive) Argument B is __________ (inductive/deductive)
Mauya M.
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