The Canadian Skin Patient Alliance (CSPA) provides insights into the prevalence of eczema across different age groups.
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Step 1: Identify the source of information, which is the Canadian Skin Patient Alliance (CSPA), to understand their findings on eczema prevalence. Show more…
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Part II – Diseases of the Developed World Amelia was frustrated that she was the only one in her family to be diagnosed with Crohn's disease. She began an extensive literature review to see if she could find some answers. Amelia learned that Crohn's disease is considered by some to be an autoimmune disease. Interestingly, Amelia found that allergies and autoimmune disorders are the results of an exaggerated immune response. In allergies, the body mounts an immune response to what should be a harmless substance like pollen or pet dander. In autoimmune diseases, the immune system mistakenly mounts an immune response against one's normal healthy cells as if they were foreign invaders. She was fascinated to find that autoimmune diseases are significantly more prevalent in females than males, although the reasons for the gender imbalance remain unclear. For Crohn's disease, Amelia found there is a strong genetic link to the disease though genetics are not deterministic; the environment seems critical in whether someone with a predisposition will go on to develop Crohn's disease. She was also frustrated to learn that the underlying cause of most autoimmune diseases, including Crohn's, is only poorly understood. During her search, she found an article that included a map and a table showing the incidence of Crohn's around the world (http://biologie.univ-mrs.fr/upload/p87/Economou.pdf; Economou and Pappas, 2008). She also made the table below from a compilation of different studies to summarize the prevalence rates of different asthma, allergic, and autoimmune conditions from a variety of different studies. She noticed some interesting patterns in all this data. Table 1. A comparison of rates for asthma, allergic, and autoimmune diseases from several different studies. Note that the specific methodologies of each study (e.g., the age of people studied for diabetes) differ between studies, and prevalence rates are scaled differently between studies. Disease Prevalence Country Year Citation Asthma 4% UK 1964 Devenny et al. 2004 Asthma 24% UK 1999 Devenny et al. 2004 Asthma 3% Nepal 2003 Masoli et al. 2004 Asthma 8% Pakistan 2003 Masoli et al. 2004 Asthma 28% Australia 2003 Masoli et al. 2004 Crohn's Disease 64.9/100,000 (men) 90.5/100,000 (women) USA 1980 Gollop et al. 1988 Crohn's Disease 241.3/100,000 USA 2008–2009 Kappelman et al. 2013 Crohn's Disease 1.38/100,000 China 1950–2002 Zheng et al 2011* Crohn's Disease 2.29/100,000 China 2003–2007 Zheng et al 2011* Eczema 5% UK 1964 Devenny et al. 2004 Eczema 21% UK 1999 Devenny et al. 2004 Type 1 Diabetes 0.35/1000 (boys) USA 1935–1936 Gale 2002 Type 1 Diabetes 1.2/1000 USA 1989–1992 Gale 2002 Type 1 Diabetes 1.93/1000 USA 2009 Dabelea et al 2014 *Note that prevalence rates were taken from the English abstract of this paper; the manuscript was in Chinese.
Adi S.
Acne is one of the most common skin conditions in the United States and is estimated to affect 82% of adolescents. A research study from the Johns Hopkins Medical School collected a random sample of 225 individuals over the age of 20 and asked them if they suffered from acne in their adolescent years (between the ages of 10 and 19). The researcher found that 179 individuals in his or her sample had acne at some point during their adolescent years. What is the standard error for the sample proportion of individuals who had acne in their adolescent years?
Joanna Q.
Robin C.
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