The circuit shown in Figure 1e has the square wave excitation voltage VT = 2V at a frequency of 500 Hz and with a mark space ratio of 1. Assume the diode is ideal.
i) Sketch the waveform between points A and B for this circuit.
ii) Explain briefly the circuit operation and its key application.
20 F
Figure 1e
Design a suitable bandgap for a semiconductor LED to emit light at 380 nm.