The design data for a pipe at the outlet of an oil-field steam generator are as follows:
- Pipe size and schedule: 3 NPS, Sch 160, carbon steel, ID = 66.6 mm
- Total steam mass flow: 27,800 kg/h
- Steam quality: 70%
- Steam Pressure = 13,700 kPag = 2000 psia
- Barometric pressure = 90 kPa
- Density: liquid = 624 kg/m^3, vapour = 85.2 kg/m^3
- Viscosity: liquid = 0.091 mPa.s, vapour = 0.025 mPa.s (Note: 1 mPa.s = 1 cP)
- Pipe straight length = 10 m
- Pipe surface roughness factor ε = 0.046 mm
Calculate the pressure drop of the two-phase flow of 70% quality steam in the above pipe using the homogeneous model 2-phase frictional multiplier (fo^2) method provided in this examination booklet. Add 20% design margin.
Plot the f factor on the friction factors chart provided.