1. The science of human development seeks to understand ____
A) the meaning of life
B) the accuracy of new theories
C) the works of Freud, Piaget, and Erikson
D) how and why people change over time
2. Dr. Towne believes that heredity is primarily responsible for personality traits. Dr. West believes that environmental influences are primarily responsible for personality traits. They are on different sides of the ____ debate.
A) nature–nurture
B) intelligent design–evolution
C) genes–development
D) traits–conditioning
3. Between 1957 and 1961, many pregnant women took thalidomide to alleviate morning sickness; this drug disrupted a(n) ____ period of prenatal development.
A) sensitive
B) critical
C) early
D) late
4. Dr. Bloom wanted to learn whether ice cream preferences change at different stages of development. For her study, she conducted a one-time assessment in which she asked a group of 5-year-olds, a group of 15-year-olds, and a group of 30-year-olds to identify their ice cream preferences. Dr. Bloom conducted a ____ study.
A) case
B) cross-sectional
C) longitudinal
D) cross-sequential
5. The more parents read to their children, the higher their children score on achievement tests. This relationship between parents reading to their children and child achievement represents a(n) ____.
A) causal relationship
B) inverse correlational
C) positive correlation
D) negative correlation
6. ____ emphasizes unconscious drives and early experiences with respect to development, whereas ____ emphasizes learning by association, reinforcement, or observation with respect to development.
A) Psychoanalytic theory; behaviorism
B) Psychoanalytic theory; cognitive theory
C) Behaviorism; psychoanalytic theory
D) Cognitive theory; psychoanalytic theory
7. Although many of the theorists who follow Freud's psychoanalytic theory have modified and expanded his ideas, they agree on the importance of ____.
A) early childhood experiences and psychosexual conflicts
B) psychosexual conflicts and the unconscious
C) early childhood experiences and the unconscious
D) psychosexual conflicts and stages of psychosexual development