The US Census Bureau records the population for the 50 states each year. The accompanying data file contains these dat- for the years 2010 to 2018. a. Create two subsets of the state population data: one with 2018 population greater than or equal to 5 million and one with 2013 population less than 5 million. How many observations are in each subset? b. In the subset of states with 5 million or more people, remove the states with over 10 million people. How many states were removed?
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8.5. The following data set shows population of the United States (in million) since 1790, Year 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 Population 3.9 5.3 7.2 9.6 12.9 17.1 23.2 31.4 38.6 50.2 63.0 76.2 Year 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Population 92.2 106.0 123.2 132.2 151.3 179.3 203.3 226.5 248.7 281.4 308.7
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Akash M.
State Populations. As reported by the U.S. Census Bureau in Current Population Reports, a frequency distribution for the population of the states in the United States is as shown in the following table. $$\begin{array}{l|c} \hline \begin{array}{l} \text { Population size } \\ \text { (millions) } \end{array} & \text { Frequency } \\ \hline \text { Under } 1 & 7 \\ \text { 1-under } 2 & 8 \\ \text { 2-under } 3 & 6 \\ \text { 3-under } 5 & 8 \\ \text { 5-under } 10 & 13 \\ \text { 10 \& over } & 8 \\ \hline \end{array}$$ Compute the following conditional probabilities directly; that is, do not use the conditional probability rule. For a state selected at random, find the probability that the population of the state obtained is a. between 2 million and 3 million. b. between 2 million and 3 million given that it is at least 1 million. c. less than 5 million given that it is at least 1 million. d. Interpret your answers in parts (a)-(c) in terms of percentages.
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Conditional Probability
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