- Bending stress (\(\sigma\)) in a beam is given by the formula \(\sigma = \frac{M}{S}\), where \(M\) is the bending moment and \(S\) is the section modulus.
- Shear stress (\(\tau\)) is given by \(\tau = \frac{VQ}{Ib}\), where \(V\) is the shear force, \(Q\) is
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