• Utilitarian Approach – moral behavior produces the greatest good for the greatest number • Individualism Approach – acts are moral if they promote the individual's long-term interest • Moral-Rights Approach – humans have fundamental rights and liberties that cannot be taken away by an individual's decision
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Utilitarian Approach: $S = \text{moral behavior} \Rightarrow \text{greatest good for greatest number}$ Show more…
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Deontological moral theories prioritize moral duties and principles over the overall pleasure vs. suffering outcomes. This approach originated with Jeremy Bentham, who advocated for the first animal anti-cruelty laws. It is currently championed by Peter Singer, who advocates for reducing animal suffering. Right to Life: Moral principles that are based on a person's moral duties towards others. This concept originated with Immanuel Kant. Personhood: A branch of philosophy that provides a framework for reasoning about our moral responsibility towards other living beings. It involves rules and reasons that dictate what one ought to do. Right to Flourish: Moral theories that define the right action as the one that has the best consequences for those affected by the action. Virtue ethics moral theories: Moral theories that focus on developing virtuous character traits and embodying moral excellence. Inclusion: To be aware of and include something, often used as a criterion for moral community.
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According to Kohlberg, at what level of moral development is moral judgment self-centered and based on obtaining rewards and avoiding punishment?
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