4Multiple Choice 1 pointIf A (independent variable) is related to B (dependent variable), then (prediction), gives us a pretty good example of? APA Code of Ethics Cause and Effect Perfect Positive HypothesisGestalt
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Since A is the independent variable and B is the dependent variable, we are looking at how changes in A affect B. Show more…
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(10 points) For each problem, select the best response. (a) The owner of a chain of supermarkets notices that there is a positive correlation between the sales of beer and the sales of ice cream over the course of the previous year. Seasons when sales of beer were above average, sales of ice cream also tended to be above average. Likewise, during seasons when sales of beer were below average, sales of ice cream also tended to be below average. A plausible explanation of these facts is that A. drinking beer causes a desire for ice cream or eating ice cream causes a thirst for beer. B. the sale of beer and ice cream may both be affected by another variable such as the outside temperature. C. a scatterplot of monthly ice cream sales versus monthly beer sales would show that a straight line describes the pattern in the plot, but it would have to be a horizontal line. D. the sales records must be in error. There should be no association between beer and ice cream sales. E. None of the above. (b) A researcher observes that, on average, the number of divorces in cities with major league baseball teams is larger than in cities without major league baseball teams. The most plausible explanation for this observed association is A. the association is due to the presence of a confounding variable, namely the population of the city. (Major league teams tend to be in large cities with more people, hence a greater number of divorces.) B. the high number of divorces is responsible for the presence of a major league baseball teams (more single men means potentially more fans at the ballpark, making it attractive for an owner to relocate to such cities). C. the presence of a major league baseball team causes the number of divorces to rise (perhaps husbands are spending too much time at the ballpark). D. the observed association is purely coincidental. It is implausible to believe the observed association could be anything other than accidental. E. None of the above. (c) When possible, the best way to establish that an observed association is the result of a cause-and-effect relation is by means of A. the square of the correlation coefficient. B. a well designed experiment. C. the least squares regression line. D. the correlation coefficient. E. None of the above.
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QUESTION 18 Match each word or phrase with the most commonly linked responses W. Wundt W. James S. Freud Skinner and Watson Rogers and Maslow Jane Goodall Institutional Review Board Rodents Manipulated experimental variable False or fake substance Actively evaluate information Prediction or Expectation
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From the entries in column descriptions in the column B choose the letter of the item that matches the 1. A study about how and why people behave, feel, or think the way they do 2. A variable that is the antecedent or the cause to another 3. Any object, event or situation that causes an organism to react 4. A variable that is the consequence or the result of another 5. A measure of Central Tendency 6. High score in one is also high score in the other 7. Refers to repeatability 8. The higher the weight, the lower the ability to run 9. The score that is midway between highest to lowest scores 10. The test measures what it is supposed to measure 11. Study of society 12. Relationship between two variables 13. Try to prevent behavior from occurring 14. Major goal of psychology 15. Classification of psychological data into meaningful categories 16. Treatment of disorders through psychotherapy and medicines 17. Method of study essential for making diagnosis 18. Method of study that uses questionnaires and checklists 19. Method of study employed case studies 20. A systematized body of knowledge a. Mean b. Median c. Psychology d. Independent Variable e. Dependent Variable f. Sociology g. Psychiatry h. Correlation i. Positive correlation j. Negative correlation k. Stimulus l. Reliability m. Validity n. Science o. describe behavior p. explain behavior q. predict behavior r. control behavior s. Physiology t. descriptive method u. experimental method v. clinical method w. Systematic Observation x. Naturalistic Observation
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