Question

5. You may have wondered: the speed of light is very high (c = 3 \times 10^5 \text{ km s}^{-1})—it is difficult to imagine an experiment to measure c. Obviously, one of the possibilities would be to track how long it takes a light signal to travel a given distance. As you can easily check, it would take a light signal about 0.13 seconds to travel around the equator of the Earth, so simple stopwatch-clocked experiments on Earth are not likely to be successful. But distances in space are very large. For instance, the radius of the Earth's orbit around the Sun is about 150 million kilometers. The Earth travels around the Sun, and since it travels faster than Jupiter travels in its orbit, it 'overtakes' Jupiter about once every year (a bit longer than a year, since Jupiter also slowly advances in its orbit). Regardless: the Earth therefore is closest to Jupiter when it 'overtakes' Jupiter, and furthest away from Jupiter about 6 months later. What is the difference in the distances between Earth and Jupiter, between when they are closest and when they are furthest apart? How long does it take light to travel that distance?

          5. You may have wondered: the speed of light is very high
(c = 3 \times 10^5 \text{ km s}^{-1})—it is difficult to imagine an experiment to measure
c. Obviously, one of the possibilities would be to track how long it takes a
light signal to travel a given distance. As you can easily check, it would
take a light signal about 0.13 seconds to travel around the equator of the
Earth, so simple stopwatch-clocked experiments on Earth are not likely to
be successful.
But distances in space are very large. For instance, the radius of the
Earth's orbit around the Sun is about 150 million kilometers. The Earth
travels around the Sun, and since it travels faster than Jupiter travels in
its orbit, it 'overtakes' Jupiter about once every year (a bit longer than a
year, since Jupiter also slowly advances in its orbit). Regardless: the Earth
therefore is closest to Jupiter when it 'overtakes' Jupiter, and furthest away
from Jupiter about 6 months later. What is the difference in the distances
between Earth and Jupiter, between when they are closest and when they
are furthest apart? How long does it take light to travel that distance?

5. You may have wondered: the speed of light is very high
(c = 3 ×10^5 km s^-1)—it is difficult to imagine an experiment to measure
c. Obviously, one of the possibilities would be to track how long it takes a
light signal to travel a given distance. As you can easily check, it would
take a light signal about 0.13 seconds to travel around the equator of the
Earth, so simple stopwatch-clocked experiments on Earth are not likely to
be successful.
But distances in space are very large. For instance, the radius of the
Earth's orbit around the Sun is about 150 million kilometers. The Earth
travels around the Sun, and since it travels faster than Jupiter travels in
its orbit, it 'overtakes' Jupiter about once every year (a bit longer than a
year, since Jupiter also slowly advances in its orbit). Regardless: the Earth
therefore is closest to Jupiter when it 'overtakes' Jupiter, and furthest away
from Jupiter about 6 months later. What is the difference in the distances
between Earth and Jupiter, between when they are closest and when they
are furthest apart? How long does it take light to travel that distance?

Added by Seth R.

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