Consider a material that can conduct both heat and charge (see schematic).
a. Write out the linear equations that relate the heat flux and the charge flux to the operant driving forces, -(gradT)/(T) and E=-gradphi, respectively.
b. Measurements of the heat flux are made and the data reported on the graph below. Indicate, by illustrating directly on the graph, the values of the Onsager coefficients L_(QQ) and L_(Qq) from the force-flux relationships.
c. Consider the same materials system conducting heat and charge with a fixed electric field of strength +E_(0). Would you expect the charge flux at a fixed field to increase or decrease with increasing thermal gradient gradT?
Hint: consider the sign of the intercept of the plot with E^(app)=+E_(0).
4. Consider a material that can conduct both heat and charge (see schematic).
a. Write out the linear equations that relate the heat flux and the charge flux to the operant driving forces, -(gradT)/T and E = -gradphi, respectively.
b. Measurements of the heat flux are made and the data reported on the graph below. Indicate, by illustrating directly on the graph, the values of the Onsager coefficients L_(QQ) and L_(Qq) from the force-flux relationships.
c. Consider the same materials system conducting heat and charge with a fixed electric field of strength +E_(0). Would you expect the charge flux at a fixed field to increase or decrease with increasing thermal gradient T?
Hint: consider the sign of the intercept of the plot with E^(app) = +E_(0).