How would anti bodies against ACh receptors affect the levels of CA2 in the sacroplasmic reticulum? And what affects would it have on the actin and myosin filaments?
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Acetylcholine (ACh) receptors are located on the muscle cell membrane (sarcolemma) and are crucial for initiating muscle contraction. When ACh binds to these receptors, it triggers an influx of sodium ions (Na+) into the muscle cell, leading to depolarization Show more…
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How would antibodies against the ACh receptors affect the levels of Ca++ inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum? And, what does this do to muscle contraction? A. Ca++ levels decrease inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum, muscles are in tetanus. B. Ca++ levels drastically increase inside of the sarcoplasm, muscle contraction cannot occur. C. Ca++ levels inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum decrease, muscle contraction occurs. D. Ca++ remains inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum, muscle contraction cannot occur.
Adi S.
(AChR) proteins are found at the synapse between neurons and skeletal muscle cells. Acetylcholine receptor specific sites on the receptor proteins cause an ion channel in neurotransmitters released from neurons to bind low sodium ions (Na+) and enter muscle cells. The resulting depolarization of muscle cells causes the receptor to open and contractions occur. Another molecule, nicotine, can also bind to certain types of AChR proteins and activate the muscle receptors. A researcher is investigating two different types of AChR proteins, type 1 and type 2. To determine which stimuli activate the receptors, the researcher exposes muscle cells expressing one of the different types of receptor proteins to stimuli and observes the results indicated in Table 1. Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine in the synapse. Describe the effects of producing acetylcholinesterase on both of the muscle cell types when they are exposed to nicotine. Support your answer with information from Table 1. Explain why a competitive inhibitor for acetylcholine will ALSO prevent the effects of nicotine on AChR proteins. TABLE 1. RESPONSE OF AChR PROTEINS TO DIFFERENT STIMULI AChR Protein Type Acetylcholine Nicotine Type 1 indicates activation indicates no activation Type 2 indicates no activation indicates activation
Dominador T.
A 25-year-old preschool teacher, Sandy Thompson, has not been feeling like herself lately. She has been feeling quite tired, and her co-workers have commented on her droopy eyelids. Additionally, she is experiencing weakness in her arms and legs, has difficulty talking clearly, and even her students' parents have been concerned that Sandy hasn't been looking very happy at work. One day at lunch, Sandy started to choke on her food, causing one of her coworkers to perform the Heimlich maneuver on her. While the scare didn't cause any permanent damage, Sandy is convinced that it is time to go see a doctor. 3. How would antibodies against ACh receptors affect the neuromuscular junction? 4. How would antibodies against the ACh receptors affect the influx of Na+ into the cell? 5. How would antibodies against the ACh receptors affect the levels of Ca2+ inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum? What effect does this have on the actin and myosin filaments? 6. What disorder does Sandy have? How do we treat/manage this diagnosis?
Bryan V.
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