One criticism of Kant's first formulation is A. That it is...

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6. Which of the following is a criticism of rule utilitarianism? a. It is too rigid and inflexible in its approach to moral decision-making. b. Even in cases where one knows the situation is an exception to the rule, rule utilitarianism claims one must continue to follow the role. c. It is too focused on the consequences of individual actions, rather than overall outcomes. d. It fails to account for the complexity of moral decision-making.

Crystal W.

1-the-determinists-claim-that-every-event-has-a-sufficient-explanation-seems-hard-to-disagree-with-because-a-it-implies-that-negative-freedom-is-possible-b-it-implies-that-positive-freedom-i-47787

The determinist's claim that every event has a sufficient explanation seems hard to disagree with because: a) it implies that negative freedom is possible. b) it implies that positive freedom is possible. c) it appears to be a basic presupposition of knowledge. d) it appears to be true. 2. Nietzsche's ethical relativism grows out of his conviction that: a) strong, creative people are harmed by obedience to moral rules intended to protect the weak. b) political revolution is needed before suffering peoples can lead the good life. c) it is always the dominant economic power that determines what is right and wrong. d) people in Western countries no longer believe in God. 3. It can be argued that we recognize thoughts only because: a) we have the words and concepts of our language that allow us to do so. b) those thoughts arise from a core, essential self. c) we exist as individuals prior to our social context. d) there is no self. 4. Kant argues that the laws of God are justified: a) because they are from God, who is perfect. b) whenever they agree with our beliefs about right and wrong. c) by the authority of reason. d) because, as Kierkegaard says, they transcend ethics. 5. Aristotle's virtues seem to share the common thread of being: a) concerned with the sexual mores of individuals. b) absolute duties. c) concerned with the flourishing of a person in a community. d) concerned with maximizing happiness for the greatest number.

Rachel G.

Which of the following is a central tenet of utilitarianism? a) Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law. b) The correct ethical action will maximize overall "good" and minimize suffering. c) To be ethical means that one should act so that everyone is happy. Which utilitarian philosopher differentiated between "higher" and "lower" goods? a) Jeremy Bentham b) John Stuart Mill c) Aristotle Milton Friedman champions a business theory emphasizing that ____________ a) Stakeholders should suffer any ill consequences of corporate decision making b) Corporate decision making should prioritize profit and keep stockholder's interests in mind. c) All stakeholders should be considered when making corporate decisions. Edward Freeman champions a theory called _________ that emphasizes the well-being of any party affected by corporate decision making. a) Stakeholder theory b) Utilitarian theory c) Eudaimonia theory Immanuel Kant put forth a duty-based ethical theory that called for what he called the "categorical imperative," which (in one formulation) is worded in the following way (be careful here!): a) Do unto others as you would have done unto you b) Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other always a means to that end. c) Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law. Which of the following ethical theories emphasizes personal development? a) Egocentric utilitarianism b) The ends justify the means c) Virtue ethics Eudaimonia is a word used by Aristotle to describe __________ a) The importance of human autonomy b) Human flourishing, prosperity, or fulfillment c) The importance of satisfying first order desires At the conclusion of his article "Marketing to Inner City Blacks: PowerMaster And Moral Responsibility," Brenkert concludes the following regarding targeted ad campaigns, "We must look to the responsibility of groups of persons as well as groups of corporations. Such responsibility is not personal or individual, but ___________." a) Universal b) Collective c) Limited to stockholders

Dave K.

Transcript

00:01 So let's define utilitarianism.

00:12 This is a doctrine that states actions are right if they are useful for the benefit of the majority.

00:41 Perhaps the greatest criticism is that it fails to take into account considerations of justice.

00:47 We can imagine instances where a course of action could produce great benefits for society but it would be clearly unjust.

01:27 So it only cares if the action benefits the majority...

Question

One criticism of Kant's first formulation is A. That it is too absolutistic B. That maximizing pleasure sometimes leads to a violation of rights C. That there are occasions where one cannot help but treat others simply as a means D. That it is self-contradicting

Question

One criticism of Kant's first formulation is A. That it is too absolutistic B. That maximizing pleasure sometimes leads to a violation of rights C. That there are occasions where one cannot help but treat others simply as a means D. That it is self-contradicting

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