1) Let the event set be \( E=\{a, b, g\} \), and consider the two languages \( L_{1}=\{\varepsilon, a, a b g\} \), and \( L_{2}=\{b\} \) c) \( \frac{L_{1}}{} L_{2}= \) ? d) \( L_{1}^{*}= \) ? 2) Let the event set be \( E=\{a, b, g\} \). Consider two state transition diagrams of automata are depicted in Figure 2.(a) and 2.(b), where nodes represent states and labeled arcs represent transitions between these states. Drawing the result of the product of two automata. (a). Automata \( G_{1} \) (b). Automata \( G_{2} \) Figure 2. Automata \( G_{1} \) and \( G_{2} \) 3) The two automata \( G \) and \( H_{a} \) are shown in Figure 3. Take \( M=\mathcal{L}(G) \) and \( K=\mathcal{L}_{m}\left(H_{a}\right) \). c) Form the product \( H_{a} \times G \) d) If \( E_{u c} \) is a set of uncontrollable events \( E_{u c}=\left\{b_{2}\right\} . K \) is controllable? (a). Automata \( G \) (b). Automata \( H_{a} \) Figure 3. Automata \( G \) and \( H_{a} \) 4) The two automata \( G \) and \( H_{a} \) are shown in Figure 3. Take \( M=\mathcal{L}(G) \) and \( K=\mathcal{L}_{m}\left(H_{a}\right) \). Let the set of uncontrollable events be \( E_{u c}=\left\{b_{2}\right\} \). c) Showing \( K \) as the set of string d) Find the Supremal Controllable Sublanguage of \( K: K^{\uparrow} C \)
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In Exercises $58-62$ we introduce a technique for constructing a deterministic finite-state machine equivalent to a given deterministic finite-state machine with the least number of states possible. Suppose that $M=\left(S, I, f, s_{0}, F\right)$ is a finite-state automaton and that $k$ is a non negative integer. Let $R_{k}$ be the relation on the set $S$ of states of $M$ such that $s R_{k} t$ if and only if for every input string $x$ with $l(x) \leq k$ [where $l(x)$ is the length of $x,$ as usual $], f(s, x)$ and $f(t, x)$ are both final states or both not final states. Furthermore, let $R_{*}$ be the relation on the set of states of $M$ such that $s R_{*} t$ if and only if for every input string $x,$ regardless of length, $f(s, x)$ and $f(t, x)$ are both final states or both not final states. The quotient automaton $\overline{M}$ of the deterministic finite-state automaton $M=\left(S, I, f, s_{0}, F\right)$ is the finite-state automaton $\left(\overline{S}, I, \overline{f},\left[s_{0}\right]_{R *}, \overline{F}\right),$ where the set of states $\overline{S}$ is the set of $*$ -equivalence classes of $S,$ the transition function $f$ is defined by $\overline{f}\left([s]_{R_{*}}, a\right)=[f(s, a)]_{R_{*}}$ for all states $[s]_{R_{*}}$ of $\overline{M}$ and input symbols $a \in I,$ and $\overline{F}$ is the set consisting of $R_{4}$ -equivalence classes of final states of $M .$ a) Show that $s$ and $t$ are 0 -equivalent if and only if either both $s$ and $t$ are final states or neither $s$ nor $t$ is a fi-nal state. Conclude that each final state of $\frac{1}{M},$ which is an $R_{*}$ -equivalence class, contains only final states of $M .$ b) Show that if $k$ is a positive integer, then $s$ and $t$ are $k-$ equivalent if and only if $s$ and $t$ are $(k-1)$ -equivalent and for every input symbol $a \in I, f(s, a)$ and $f(t, a)$ are $(k-1)$ -equivalent. Conclude that the transition function $\overline{f}$ is well-defined. c) Describe a procedure that can be used to construct the quotient automaton of a finite-automaton $M .$
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Draw the transition diagram of a finite-state automaton that accepts the given set of strings over $\{a, b\}$. Exactly one $b$
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Draw the transition diagram of a finite-state automaton that accepts the given set of strings over $\{a, b\}$. Starts with $a b$ and ends with baa
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