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Question 4 [5+5+5=15 marks]: Composite beams The figure shows intervertebral bones, a healthy disc, and its simplified model. Assuming the idealized geometry with given parameters and composite beam response under axial loads, answer the questions below (Elastic modulus of cortical bone = 10 GPa, Elastic modulus of trabecular bone = 2 GPa, $r_2$ = 20 mm, and $r_1$ = 15 mm). a) Calculate the elastic modulus of the composite beam. b) Calculate the stresses acting on cortical and trabecular bone under compressive force of 100N on the disc. c) If the disk becomes diseased over time such that the young's modulus of trabecular bone decreases by 50%, what is the effect of the change in the short term on stress distribution, and in long-term on disc response.

          Question 4 [5+5+5=15 marks]: Composite beams
The figure shows intervertebral bones, a healthy disc, and its simplified model. Assuming the idealized
geometry with given parameters and composite beam response under axial loads, answer the questions
below (Elastic modulus of cortical bone = 10 GPa, Elastic modulus of trabecular bone = 2 GPa, $r_2$ = 20
mm, and $r_1$ = 15 mm).
a) Calculate the elastic
modulus of the
composite beam.
b) Calculate the stresses
acting on cortical and
trabecular bone under
compressive force of
100N on the disc.
c) If the disk becomes
diseased over time such
that the young's
modulus of trabecular bone decreases by 50%, what is the effect of the change in the short term on
stress distribution, and in long-term on disc response.

Question 4 [5+5+5=15 marks]: Composite beams
The figure shows intervertebral bones, a healthy disc, and its simplified model. Assuming the idealized
geometry with given parameters and composite beam response under axial loads, answer the questions
below (Elastic modulus of cortical bone = 10 GPa, Elastic modulus of trabecular bone = 2 GPa, r2 = 20
mm, and r1 = 15 mm).
a) Calculate the elastic
modulus of the
composite beam.
b) Calculate the stresses
acting on cortical and
trabecular bone under
compressive force of
100N on the disc.
c) If the disk becomes
diseased over time such
that the young's
modulus of trabecular bone decreases by 50%, what is the effect of the change in the short term on
stress distribution, and in long-term on disc response.

Added by Brandon T.

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