Social reaction, or labeling, theory explains how delinquent behavior stems from destructive social interactions and encounters. According to this theory, illegal acts, including delinquent behaviors, are defined by the social audience's reaction and not the moral content of the illegal act itself. Some people consider shooting someone who is trying to steal your car justified, whereas others consider it murder; some people are opposed to abortion, whereas others fight to preserve its legality. The roots of this vision can be found in a branch of sociology known as symbolic interaction. Of course, symbols are subjective. Similarly, body language is open to interpretation and can be easily misread. People often interpret symbolic gestures from others and incorporate them in their self-image. Rape, for example, is a crime that is interpreted differently in different states. In the case of Owen Labrie, age 18 at the time, the ritual of the "senior salute" at his elite boarding school was interpreted by a jury as endangering the welfare of a child, and using a computer and the Internet to "seduce, solicit, lure, or entice a child" in order to commit a sexual assault. He was also found guilty of three counts of misdemeanor sexual assault, but not guilty of the most serious charge of aggravated felonious sexual assault. The case involved issues of consent, privilege, and punishment.
In social reaction theory, a ____________ is something, such as a possession, rank, or activity, by which one's social or economic prestige is measured.
a. self-image
b. viewpoint
c. moral choice
d. status symbol
Labrie was out on bail when he violated his curfew. According to labeling theory his curfew violation could be an example of _______.
a. primary deviance
b. secondary deviance
c. a capital case
d. degradation ceremony
Despite being privileged, Labrie's possible punishment to register as a sex offender for the rest of his life is a ____________ by which others will judge him.
a. definition of his whole person
b. label
c. deviant career
d. damaged identity
In Becker's Fourfold Model of Labeling, given the initial sentence before appeal, Labrie would be considered a ____________.
a. secret deviant
b. pure deviant
c. falsely accused
d. conformist
From a social conflict theory perspective, Labrie's delinquent actions could be viewed as a response to the privileged conditions created by _____________.
a. social control agencies
b. globalization
c. capitalism
d. the power elite