Question

Step 1. Set up hypotheses and determine level of significance Ho Ha: Should the alternative hypothesis be upper-tailed, lower-tailed, or two-tailed? Step 2. Select the appropriate test statistic Insert Specific Formula (Consider sample size to determine Z-score or T-distribution) PROBLEM XIII. The placebo effect occurs when a patient experiences a perceived benefit after receiving an inert substance. To help understand the mechanism behind this phenomenon in Parkinson's disease patients, investigators measured striatal RAC binding at a key point in the brains in six subjects. RAC binding was reduced by an average of 0.326 units on a placebo in the six subjects ($s_x$ = 0.181). Ata .05 level of significance, test to see if there is a statistically significant difference in striatal RAC binding. 1. Set Up Hypothesis and Determine Level of Significance Step 3. Set up decision rule Do NOT use your level of significance as a part of your decision rule. Be sure to use only the critical values found in your appendices. Critical values are based upon the type of test used, your sample size or degrees of freedom, your alternative hypothesis (upper-tailed, lower-tailed, or two-tailed), and your level of significance. When using a two-tailed test, be sure to include both positive and negative values of the critical value. Be sure to include the equal sign. For example, "Reject Ho if $Z \ge$ 1.960." Step 4. Compute the test statistic. Please show all computations. If you do not show your computations, you will not receive credit, even if your test statistic is correct. Step 5. Conclusion There should be two parts to your conclusion-1) Your decision to either reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis; and 2) You conclusion. Please state both portions. If we reject the null hypothesis for an upper-tailed test, we can simply say "Reject the null hypothesis because XXX value is greater than YYY value..." Your conclusion statement should also reflect the null and alternative hypotheses. For example, "We have statistically significant evidence to indicate a difference in ..." 2. Select the Appropriate Test Statistic 3. Set Up the Decision Rule 4. Compute the Test Statistic 5. Decision and Conclusion

Step 1.
Set up hypotheses and determine level of significance
Ho
Ha: Should the alternative hypothesis be upper-tailed, lower-tailed, or two-tailed?
Step 2.
Select the appropriate test statistic
Insert Specific Formula (Consider sample size to determine Z-score or T-distribution)
PROBLEM XIII. The placebo effect occurs when a patient experiences a perceived benefit after
receiving an inert substance. To help understand the mechanism behind this phenomenon in Parkinson's
disease patients, investigators measured striatal RAC binding at a key point in the brains in six subjects.
RAC binding was reduced by an average of 0.326 units on a placebo in the six subjects ($s_x$ = 0.181). Ata
.05 level of significance, test to see if there is a statistically significant difference in striatal RAC binding.
1. Set Up Hypothesis and Determine Level of Significance
Step 3.
Set up decision rule
Do NOT use your level of significance as a part of your decision rule. Be sure to use
only the critical values found in your appendices. Critical values are based upon the type
of test used, your sample size or degrees of freedom, your alternative hypothesis
(upper-tailed, lower-tailed, or two-tailed), and your level of significance.
When using a two-tailed test, be sure to include both positive and negative values of the
critical value.
Be sure to include the equal sign. For example, "Reject Ho if $Z \ge$ 1.960."
Step 4.
Compute the test statistic.
Please show all computations. If you do not show your computations, you will not
receive credit, even if your test statistic is correct.
Step 5.
Conclusion
There should be two parts to your conclusion-1) Your decision to either reject or fail to
reject the null hypothesis; and 2) You conclusion. Please state both portions. If we reject
the null hypothesis for an upper-tailed test, we can simply say "Reject the null hypothesis
because XXX value is greater than YYY value..."
Your conclusion statement should also reflect the null and alternative hypotheses. For
example, "We have statistically significant evidence to indicate a difference in ..."
2. Select the Appropriate Test Statistic
3. Set Up the Decision Rule
4. Compute the Test Statistic
5. Decision and Conclusion

Added by Kevin R.

Elementary Statistics a Step by Step Approach

Allan G. Bluman 9th Edition

Instant Answer

Solved by Expert Sheryl Ezze

04/30/2023

Step 1

We need to set up the null and alternative hypotheses. The null hypothesis (H0) states that there is no difference in striatal RAC binding. The alternative hypothesis (Ha) states that there is a difference in striatal RAC binding. Since we are testing for a Show more…

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Step 1. Set up hypotheses and determine level of significance Ho Ha: Should the alternative hypothesis be upper-tailed, lower-tailed, or two-tailed? Step 2. Select the appropriate test statistic Insert Specific Formula (Consider sample size to determine Z-score or T-distribution) PROBLEM XIII. The placebo effect occurs when a patient experiences a perceived benefit after receiving an inert substance. To help understand the mechanism behind this phenomenon in Parkinson's disease patients, investigators measured striatal RAC binding at a key point in the brains in six subjects. RAC binding was reduced by an average of 0.326 units on a placebo in the six subjects (s₁ = 0.181). Ata .05 level of significance, test to see if there is a statistically significant difference in striatal RAC binding. 1. Set Up Hypothesis and Determine Level of Significance Step 3. Set up decision rule Do NOT use your level of significance as a part of your decision rule. Be sure to use only the critical values found in your appendices. Critical values are based upon the type of test used, your sample size or degrees of freedom, your alternative hypothesis (upper-tailed, lower-tailed, or two-tailed), and your level of significance. When using a two-tailed test, be sure to include both positive and negative values of the critical value. Be sure to include the equal sign. For example, "Reject Ho if Z ≥ 1.960." Step 4. Compute the test statistic. Please show all computations. If you do not show your computations, you will not receive credit, even if your test statistic is correct. Step 5. Conclusion There should be two parts to your conclusion-1) Your decision to either reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis; and 2) You conclusion. Please state both portions. If we reject the null hypothesis for an upper-tailed test, we can simply say "Reject the null hypothesis because XXX value is greater than YYY value.. Your conclusion statement should also reflect the null and alternative hypotheses. For example, "We have statistically significant evidence to indicate a difference in ... " 2. Select the Appropriate Test Statistic 3. Set Up the Decision Rule 4. Compute the Test Statistic 5. Decision and Conclusion

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Transcript

00:01 So for your test, you have that information in that table and you have headaches and no headaches, headaches and no headaches.

00:15 And then at the top, you have the drug and then the placebo.

00:19 And i'll just go drug and placebo.

00:21 And you have 11 and 73 and 7 and 91.

00:26 So we can see that we have a total of 84 people who took the drug and we have a total of 98 people who took the placebo, of which we had 18 people that had headaches at the end and we had 164 that did not have a headache.

00:44 And so the total of this is going to be a 2, carry the 168, looks like that's 182.

00:50 And if we add these two this way, we'd also get 182.

00:53 So there's our table.

00:55 And your first question is you want to find out if there is evidence that there is an association.

01:02 So this will be a chi -squared test.

01:05 Part b, you want to talk about what two conditions.

01:09 Well, you want simple random samples and you do want your expected values to all be at least five.

01:16 And so if we take row times column divided by table total, row times column divided by table total, these will be met.

01:25 Part c asks us to state the hypothesis.

01:28 So we're going to assume that there is no association between the drug or the treatment drug, no drug, the placebo, the treatment and headaches.

01:51 And alternately, that there is an association between, and this time i'll just say the treatment and headaches.

02:10 Now, part d, we want you find our, use our software to perform that.

02:16 And it does, and we want to figure out all these values and use a 5 % significance level.

02:20 So i'm going to, let me change color here...

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