- When resistors are connected in series, the equivalent resistance (\(R_s\)) is the sum of the individual resistances.
- Given resistors: \(R_1 = 8 \, \Omega\) and \(R_2 = 4 \, \Omega\).
\[ R_s = R_1 + R_2 = 8 \, \Omega + 4 \, \Omega = 12 \, \Omega \]
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