As children (and adults) become more skilled, they combine fundamental movement skills while engaging in sporting activities. For example, while fielding a ground ball during a softball game, a right-handed player has to slide to her right (locomotor skill), bend and turn her body as she prepares to field the ball (axial movements), field the ball with a backhand motion (absorptive manipulative skill, using an implement), and then throw the ball to first base (propulsive manipulative skill). Identify two motor skills that involve axial, locomotor, and manipulative skills. These combinations could be used within a game context (e.g., a team game or a racket sport) or an individual pursuit (e.g., cycling or rock climbing). | Motor skill | Axial skill(s) involved | Locomotor skill(s) involved | Manipulative skill(s) involved | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | | | | | | | | |
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Basketball Layup: - Axial skill(s) involved: Turning and twisting the body to avoid defenders and align the body towards the basket. - Locomotor skill(s) involved: Running towards the basket and jumping to make the layup. - Manipulative skill(s) Show more…
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Exercises 48 to 50 refer to the following setting. Do birds learn to time their breeding? Blue titmice eat caterpillars. The birds would like lots of caterpillars around when they have young to feed, but they must breed much earlier. Do the birds learn from one year’s experience when to time their breeding next year? Researchers randomly assigned 7 pairs of birds to have the natural caterpillar supply supplemented while feeding their young and another 6 pairs to serve as a control group relying on natural food supply. The next year, they measured how many days after the caterpillar peak the birds produced their nestlings.$^{35}$ Did the treatment have an effect? The investigators expected the control group to adjust their breeding date the next year, whereas the well-fed supplemented group had no reason to change. The report continues: “But in the following year, food-supplemented females were more out of synchrony with the caterpillar peak than the controls.” Here are the data (days behind caterpillar peak): Control: $\quad 4.6 \quad 2.3 \quad 7.7 \quad 6.0 \quad 4.6-1.2$ Supplemented: 15.5$\quad 11.3 \quad 5.4 \quad 16.5 \quad 11.3 \quad 11.4 \quad 7.7$ Carry out an appropriate test and show that it leads to the quoted conclusion.
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For Exercises 69 and 70 , refer to the following: The sword artistry of the Samurai is legendary in Japanese folklore and myth. The elegance with which a samurai could wield a sword rivals the grace exhibited by modern figure skaters. In more modern times, such legends have been rendered digitally in many different video games (e.g., Onimusha). In order to make the characters realistically move across the screen, and in particular, wield various sword motions true to the legends, trigonometric functions are extensively used in constructing the underlying graphics module. One famous movement is a figure eight, swept out with two hands on the sword. The actual path of the tip of the blade as the movement progresses in this figure-eight motion depends essentially on the length $L$ of the sword and the speed with which it is swept out. Such a path is modeled using a polar equation of the form $$r^{2} \theta=L \cos (A \theta) \text { or } r^{2} \theta=L \sin (A \theta), \theta_{1} \leq \theta \leq \theta_{2}$$ whose graphs are called lemniscates. (GRAPH CAN'T COPY). Write a polar equation that would describe the motion of a sword 12 units long that makes 8 complete motions in $[0,2 \pi]$
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For Exercises 97 and 98 , refer to the following: The two-player game of Zim-Zam in which the players swat at a tennis ball tethered to a 4 -foot-long string connected atop a 6-foot pole was popular in the mid-1980s. One player would be assigned the clockwise direction and the other the counterclockwise direction. A player's goal was to use a sequence of hits to have the ball travel a full 7 revolutions around in the assigned direction. This was complicated by the fact that the person's opponent was attempting to do the same thing in the opposite direction. For each complete revolution the ball made in a given direction, the corresponding player's scoring device would increase by $1 ;$ this also had the effect of decreasing the opponent's score by $1 .$ The game was finished once a player reached a score of 7 points. Sports. Suppose the scoring device for the player assigned the clockwise direction goes from 0 to 2 to 1 to 4 to 3 to 7 . How many total degrees in the clockwise direction did the ball travel?
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